面向大型异形筒类薄壁件的双工位寻位加工系统及方法  

Double-station locating-machining system and method for large special-shaped cylindrical thin-walled parts

作　　者：张月红 郑联语[1] 赵雄 张志奇 潘旺旺 史懋源 ZHANG Yuehong;ZHENG lianyu;ZHAO Xiong;ZHANG Zhiqi;PAN Wangwang;SHI Maoyuan(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100191,China;Shanxi Aerospace Tsinghua Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Changzhi 046012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [2]山西航天清华装备有限责任公司,山西长治046012

出　　处：《计算机集成制造系统》2025年第2期438-451,共14页Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

基　　金：山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项资助项目(2020×××005);北京航空航天大学博士研究生卓越学术基金资助项目。

摘　　要：为解决少/无基准类大型异形薄壁件加工前定位找正效率低及生产效率低等问题,提出面向大型异形筒类薄壁件的双工位寻位加工系统及方法。构建了异形筒类薄壁件双工位寻位加工系统,基于该系统,在机外预调工作站(工位1)上用激光扫描仪测量薄壁件加工位姿点云数据;基于改进的迭代最近点算法进行实际位姿点云数据与理论位姿点云数据配准,进而计算加工坐标系修正量;基于零点定位系统完成大型薄壁件在五轴机床(工位2)中的快速定位,并根据加工坐标系修正量修改CNC系统中的加工坐标系;基于修正后的坐标系开始加工,完成异形筒类薄壁件双工位寻位加工。通过对某型武器异形筒体试验件进行寻位加工实验,验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。To solve the problem of low positioning efficiency and low production efficiency for large special-shaped thin-walled parts with few datums,a state searching machining system and method for large special-shaped thin-walled parts were proposed.The state searching machining system was built,and a laser scanner was used to measure the pose point cloud data for posture of large thin-walled parts in the off-machine presetting station on this basis.Then,the actual pose point cloud and the theoretical pose point cloud data were registered based on the improved ICP algorithm,and the correction value of the machining coordinate was calculated.Finally,the thin-walled part was transported to the machine tool based on the zero-point position fixture,and the machining was started to large special-shaped thin-walled parts with modified machining coordinate.Based on the above steps,a state searching machining experiment was performed to a certain weapon special-shaped cylinder part.The experiment results demonstrated that the proposed method could not only guarantee the machining quality of special-shaped thin-walled parts,but also improved the production efficiency by 48%and 30%compared with traditional position method and in-machine state search machining method.Besides,the built system reduced the dependence on workers′operating experience to a large extent.Therefore,the proposed state searching machining system and the method could provide a new idea and solution for realizing the fast positioning for the large special-shape thin-walled parts with in aerospace vehicles.

关 键 词：大型异形筒类薄壁件 双工位寻位加工 机外预调工作站 点云配准 

分 类 号：V26[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程] V46