汉语史视角下台湾闽南方言的形成历程  

The Formation of the Southern Min Dialects of Taiwan Province from the Perspective of the History of Chinese

作　　者：曾南逸 ZENG Nanyi(the Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第1期1-16,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“闽南方言语音史研究”(20VJXG039)的资助。

摘　　要：文章在前人研究的基础上,从汉语史的角度梳理了台湾闽南方言的形成历程。文章指出闽方言拥有西汉以前的上古汉语的语音特征,它最初可能形成于福建以外的地区,后来随着移民进入福建。由于存古特征较多,闽方言的语音词汇研究可以帮助我们追溯古汉语的语音史和词汇史。闽方言分化为内陆闽方言和沿海闽方言。造成这一分化的原因既有地理因素,也有移民和行政区划的因素。沿海闽方言由于唐宋以来统县政区的划分又进一步分化为闽东方言、莆仙方言和闽南方言。伴随着宋元时期的移民潮,闽南方言逐步扩展到广东沿海和海南,最晚至明代,它已经大致演化为五个分支,其中两个分支泉腔闽南方言和漳腔闽南方言最终伴随着明末至清代的移民潮,在台湾地区融汇成了今天的台湾闽南方言。厦门方言与台湾闽南方言通行腔有较高的相似性是因为前者早在清初就由泉腔闽南方言和漳腔闽南方言融合而成。站在汉语谱系树的角度,如果把汉语看作一棵大树,那么台湾闽南方言充其量只是由其中的两小簇树叶交汇而成的一个子方言。文章同时指出,汉语方言学界只把大方言区称为“语”,根据学界近六十年来对汉语方言的新认识,闽南方言并不是大方言区,因此早已不适合被称为“闽南语”。而把台湾闽南方言称作“台语”则更与汉语方言分化和发展历史严重相悖。Based on previous work,this study examines the formation of the Southern Min dialects spoken in Taiwan province from the perspective of the history of Chinese.It is noted that Min dialects preserve the phonological features of Old Chinese prior to the Western Han dynasty.These dialects are believed to have initially formed outside Fujian province before being introduced into the region through migration.Due to the abundance of archaic features,the study of phonology and vocabulary in Min dialects can help us trace the phonological and lexical history of ancient Chinese.The division of Min dialects into Inland Min and Coastal Min is due to geographical factors,migration patterns,and administrative divisions.Coastal Min has further been subdivided into Eastern Min,Pu-Xian Min,and Southern Min due to the administrative reorganization of county regions since the Tang and Song dynasties.With migration during the Song and Yuan dynasties,Southern Min dialects gradually expanded to the coastal areas of Guangdong province and Hainan province.By the Ming dynasty,these dialects had roughly evolved into five branches,two of which were Quanzhou dialects and Zhangzhou dialects.Eventually,with the migration from late Ming to Qing,they merged into Southern Min dialects spoken in Taiwan province today.The important similarity between Xiamen dialect and Southern Min dialects in Taiwan province is attributed to their early fusion of Quanzhou dialects and Zhangzhou dialects during early Qing.The current study suggests that if Chinese is seen as a big tree from the perspective of the genetic classification,then the Southern Min dialects of Taiwan province can be regarded as a sub-dialect formed by the convergence of two small clusters of leaves on this tree.Furthermore,the study also points out that the research community of Chinese dialects only refers to the major dialect group as Yu(语),while Southern Min does not qualify as a major dialect group based on the new understanding of Chinese dialects over the past six decades.Thus,th

关 键 词：古汉语 语言谱系树 闽方言 台湾闽南方言 

分 类 号：H177.2[语言文字—汉语]