即行体研究:回顾与展望  

A Review of Studies on Proximative

作　　者：吴福祥 李桂兰 WU Fuxiang;LI Guilan(the Faculty of Linguistic Science,Beijing Language and Culture University)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言科学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第1期113-130,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：北京语言大学校级项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)“基于方言和类型学的汉语动词小称范畴研究”(24ZDI07)资助。

摘　　要：近三十年来,普通语言学界对即行体范畴进行了深入研究,取得了很多重要成果。本文主要介绍相关成果并做简要评述,以期推动汉语学界对该范畴的研究。文章首先梳理即行体的概念内涵和相关术语,接着归纳即行体的主要词汇来源和语义演变,最后指出汉语学界研究即行体范畴时所面临的挑战。已有研究表明,即行体是一种体范畴,关注情状发生前的状态,表示已有情状显示某种事态(事件或状态)即将发生或出现,与汉语“要……了”的语义相当。该范畴并不关注情状发生的可能性或可预见性,可用于过去和非过去时间,与近将来时或认识情态等范畴不同。Proximative has triggered intriguing interests recently and scholars have reached consensus in the literature on many issues.Take the lexical meaning of dreigen‘threaten'of Dutch(see(i))and minacciare‘threaten'of Italian(see(ii))(Heine and Kuteva 2006:88-89)for example.Dreigde and minaccia indicate that the impending situations of tailspin and collapse are ready for the speaker,both of which refer to a pre-stage of the action or state and can be interpreted as be going to in English.(i)Het debat dreigde uit de hand tel open.DEF debate threaten.PST out DEF hand ALL run‘The debate was about to get out of hand.'(ii)La casa minaccia di cadere.DEF house threaten.PRS ALL collapse‘The house is going to collapse.'There are many works on this kind of phenomenon in European,African and other languages,many of which are taken to be inspiring.Consequently,this paper introduces the main studies on proximative,covering its concept,properties,semantic sources and semantic changes.Proximative is a pure aspect gram,which is a temporal phase located close to the initial boundary of the situation described by the main verb and whose essential semantic characteristic is imminence,involving the meaning of be on the verge of V-ing,without implication of whether the situation actually occurs/occurred or not.All the properties discussed above make proximative distinct from imminent future and epistemic modality.The paper ends with novel perspectives on Chinese.

关 键 词：即行体 趋避体 近将来时 意愿 认识情态 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]