如何考察构式的能产性——国外构式能产性研究述评  

How to Explore the Productivity of Constructions:A Review of Researches on Productivity of Constructions

作　　者：李延波 LI Yanbo(the Chinese College,Beijing International Studies University)

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院汉语学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第1期131-145,共15页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“汉语图式构式及能产性研究”(21FYYB027)的支持。

摘　　要：构式的能产性指构式的优选性及构式槽位对语项的允准性。构式具备有限能产的特点,对该特点进行探究能帮助我们了解语言创新与保守这对矛盾。国外运用不同方法开展能产性研究。除了传统的条件分析法外,近些年基于样例的研究方法渐成主流,如对进入构式的语项进行考察的型率分析、例率分析、类聚分析和分布式语义分析。在国外能产性研究中,Adele E. Goldberg及其团队的研究系统且深入,既运用覆盖说明构式如何进行有限创新,又运用统计占位说明创新时的保守,并认为创新与保守背后统一体现充分性、效率性原则。国外构式能产性研究在目标、观念、思路、方法等方面的优点值得我们学习。Productivity of constructions refers to the preference of a construction and the sanction of construction slots for lexical items.It is a characteristic of constructions to have limited productivity,the investigation of which can help us understand the contradiction between linguistic creativity and conservatism.Different methods are used in the literature to study the productivity of constructions.In addition to the traditional method of condition analysis,exemplar-based approach has become the recent mainstream,such as type frequency analysis,token frequency analysis,clustering analysis,and distributional se mantic analysis of lexical items entering the constructions.Among studies on productivity,the work by Adele E.Goldberg's research team is systematic and in-depth.They use the concept of coverage to illustrate how limited creativity can be carried out and statistical preemption to explain conservatism in creativity,concluding that the principles of expressiveness and efficiency are unified behind linguistic creativity and conservatism.The advantages of research on constructional productivity in terms of goals,concepts,ideas and methods are worthy of emulation.

关 键 词：构式 能产性 覆盖 统计占位 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]