不同轮班模式与重症监护室护士职业疲劳的关系研究  

Correlation between different shift patterns and occupational fatigue among intensive care unit nurses

作　　者：黄康慧 李梦瑶 张媛媛 温弗乐 章雅青[1] Huang Kanghui;Li Mengyao;Zhang Yuanyuan;Wen Fule;Zhang Yaqing(School of Nursing,Shanghai JiaoTong University,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学护理学院,上海200025 [2]上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院泌尿中心,上海200080

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2025年第4期57-62,共6页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：上海交通大学学生创新训练计划(HLDC20-10);上海交通大学中国医院发展研究院医院管理建设项目(CHDI-2023-B-03)。

摘　　要：目的调查ICU护士的轮班模式和职业疲劳状况,分析轮班模式与ICU护士职业疲劳之间的关系。方法便利选取我国东、中、西部地区6所综合性三级甲等医院的498名ICU护士,采用一般资料调查表、职业疲劳衰竭恢复量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数进行横断面调查。结果ICU护士慢性疲劳得分为50.00(33.33,66.67)分,急性疲劳得分为63.33(46.67,76.67)分,班次间恢复得分为46.67(36.67,56.67)分。多元分层线性回归显示,在控制了个体特征后,与“8 h日-8 h中-8 h夜-休-休”相比,“12 h日-12 h夜-休-休”的ICU护士慢性疲劳水平更高(P<0.05)、“8 h日-8 h夜-8 h中-休-休”的ICU护士班次间恢复水平更低(P<0.05),但不同轮班模式的ICU护士在急性疲劳水平上差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论ICU护士慢性疲劳和急性疲劳处于中等偏高水平,班次间恢复处于中等偏低水平。轮班模式与ICU护士的职业疲劳水平有关,护理管理者可考虑通过优化护士的轮班模式改善其职业疲劳状况。Objective To investigate the shift patterns and occupational fatigue among intensive care units(ICU)nurses and to analyze the correlation between them.Methods A total of 498 ICU nurses from 6 comprehensive tertiary hospitals in eastern,central and western regions of China were conveniently selected,and a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire,the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Results The scores of occupational fatigue among ICU nurses were as follows:chronic fatigue 50.00(33.33,66.67),acute fatigue 63.33(46.67,76.67)and intershift recovery 46.67(36.67,56.67).Multiple hierarchical linear regression showed that after controlling for individual characteristics,compared with the shift pattern of"8h day shift-8h evening shift-8h night shift-off-off",those with the shift pattern of"12h day shift-12h night shift-off-off"had higher chronic fatigue levels(P<0.05)and those with the shift pattern of"8h day shift-8h night shift-8h evening shift-off-off"had lower levels of intershiftrecovery(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between shift patterns and acute fatigue levels of ICU nurses(all P>0.05).Conclusion The chronic fatigue and acute fatigue of ICU nurses are at moderate and above levels,and the intershift recovery ia at a moderate or low level.Shift patterns are associated with occupational fatigue levels of ICU nurses,and nursing managers could consider improving occupational fatigue by optimizing nurses′shift patterns.

关 键 词：重症监护室 护士 职业疲劳 轮班模式 急性疲劳 慢性疲劳 睡眠质量 护理管理 

分 类 号：R471[医药卫生—护理学] C931[医药卫生—临床医学]