“哪能”的语用否定用法及立场表达功能  

The Pragmatic Negation Usage and Stance Expression of“Naneng”

作　　者：葛锴桢 GE Kai-zhen(School of Grammar,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学文法学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期117-120,共4页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目:互动视角下汉语语用否定立场表达的语体变异研究(2025-ZDJH-861);河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助:互动交际中汉语口语否定性立场表达研究(SKJYB2023-12);河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助计划:面向国际中文教育的汉语否定性立场表达研究(2023XQG-03)。

摘　　要：“哪能”作为语用否定时在句法上常与状中、动宾、动补等谓词性成分共现,也可与句子、语气词、代词等成分共现,单用的情况较少。共现成分大多是对前文内容的重述,体现了“哪能”对前文内容表述适宜性的否定,这与语用否定的特征相吻合。受语境影响,其立场表达功能可分为否定或否认、批评或责备、谦虚或奉承三种,其中以第一种为主。受语气词本身特点影响,“呢”的使用会削弱“哪能”的否定程度,而“啊”会增强其否定程度。As a pragmatic negation,“naneng”often co-occurs with predicate elements such as adverbial,verb object,and verb complement in syntax,and can also co-occur with elements such as sentences,modal particles,and pronouns.It is rarely used alone.Most co-occurrence elements are restatements of the previous content,reflecting the negation of the appropriateness of expressing the previous content,which is consistent with the characteristics of pragmatic negation.Due to the influence of context,its stance expression function can be divided into three types:negation or denial,criticism or blame,humility or flattery,with the first type being the main one.Due to the inherent characteristics of modal particles,the use of“ne”weakens the degree of negation of“naneng”,while“a”enhances its degree of negation.

关 键 词：“哪能” 语用否定 句法表现 立场表达 语气词 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]