不同材料沙障的防风固沙效果与成本效益分析  

Analysis of windbreak and sand blocking effects and cost-effectiveness of sand barriers made of different materials

作　　者：王文舒 甘晓雪 张斌武 贾晓鹏 谭天逸 王智 杨旭 WANG Wenshu;GAN Xiaoxue;ZHANG Binwu;JIA Xiaopeng;TAN Tianyi;WANG Zhi;YANG Xu(Alxa League Forest and Grassland Research Institute,Inner Mongolia,Alxa,750306,China;Alxa Jilantai Desert Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station,Inner Mongolia,Alxa,750333,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,CAS,Gansu Province,Lanzhou,730030,China)

机构地区：[1]阿拉善盟林业和草原研究所,内蒙古阿拉善750306 [2]阿拉善吉兰泰荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站,内蒙古阿拉善左旗吉兰泰镇750306 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,兰州730030

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2025年第1期5-12,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2021CG0046);阿拉善盟科技计划项目(AMYY2021-19)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探明乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段机械沙障的固沙效果,筛选出几种防风固沙效果较好且成本低的沙障,加以推广应用。【方法】以碎石、尼龙网、沙袋、葵花杆、黏土、沙柳枝条、PLA等10种常见材料铺设规格为2 m×2 m的沙障,测定10种沙障及裸沙丘近地表50 cm、200 cm处的风速,同步收集近地表0~30 cm处的沙尘,对10种沙障的防风固沙效果和铺设成本进行分析。【结果】结果表明:(1)在50 cm高度处麦草沙障、尼龙网沙障的防风效能显著高于其他材料沙障;在200 cm高度处,麦草沙障和HDPE沙障的防风效能显著高于其他沙障;(2)地表粗糙度从强至弱依次为:麦草、尼龙网、沙柳枝条、碎石、葵花杆、HDPE、土工布袋、黏土、沙袋、PLA;(3)麦草沙障、碎石沙障、沙柳枝条沙障较其他沙障输沙率更低、固沙效应更高,分别为97.30%、95.40%和94.92%;(4)沙袋、麦草、尼龙网、HDPE每平方米成本较低。【结论】经隶属函数法综合评价分析后得出结论:麦草、尼龙网、HDPE是乌兰布和沙漠防沙治沙的优选沙障材料。[Objective]To investigate the sand fixation effect of mechanical sand barriers,several sand barriers with good windbreak and sand fixation effects and low cost were selected and promoted for application.[Method]This study used 10 common materials,including gravel,nylon mesh,sandbags,sunflower stems,clay,Salix branches,and PLA,to lay sand barriers with a size of 2 m×2 m.By measuring the wind speed at 50 cm and 200 cm near the surface of 10 types of sand barriers and bare sand dunes,and synchronously collecting sand and dust at 0-30 cm near the surface,the windproof and sand blocking effects and installation costs of the 10 types of sand barriers were analyzed.[Result]The research results indicate that:(1) The windproof efficiency of wheat straw sand barriers at a height of 50 cm is significantly higher than that of other material sand barriers.At a height of 200 cm,the windproof efficiency of wheat straw sand barriers and HDPE sand barriers is significantly higher than that of other sand barriers.(2) In terms of surface roughness:wheat straw>nylon mesh>Salix branches>gravel>sunflower stems>HDPE>geotextile bags>clay>sandbags>PLA.(3) Sandbags,Wheat straw,Nylon mesh,and HDPE have lower sand transport rates and higher sand fixation effects compared to other sand barriers,with rates of 97.30%,95.40%,and 94.92%,respectively.(4) The cost per square meter of Sandbags,Wheat straw,nylon mesh,and HDPE is relatively low.[Conclusion]After comprehensive evaluation and analysis by the membership function method,the conclusion is drawn:Wheat straw,nylon mesh,and HDPE are the preferred sand barrier materials for sand prevention and control in the Ulan Buh Desert.

关 键 词：沙障 材料 防风效能 地表 粗糙度 输沙率 

分 类 号：S775[农业科学—森林工程]