硼对板栗结实及果实品质的影响  

Effects of boron on fruit setting and quality of chestnut

作　　者：史学腾 孙文研 张伟伟[2] 房克凤[1] SHI Xueteng;SUN Wenyan;ZHANG Weiwei;FANG Kefeng(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院园林学院,北京102206 [2]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2025年第1期87-92,共6页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270719)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明硼(B)元素对板栗结实及果实品质的影响,为板栗的科学种植管理提供依据。【方法】在板栗开花初期和盛花期,外源喷施不同浓度的硼酸(H_(3)BO_(3))及其拮抗剂甲硼酸(MeBA)、苯硼酸(PBA),分析板栗饱满率和三果率等结实特性,以及淀粉、可溶性糖、氮元素及其他矿质营养元素等关键品质指标。【结果】喷施0.3%硼酸显著提高了板栗果实的饱满率和三果率,而喷施0.5%硼酸及硼拮抗剂甲硼酸、苯硼酸降低了这两项指标。0.3%硼酸处理后,果实中的支链淀粉和总淀粉含量升高,直链淀粉含量降低;硼拮抗剂则导致直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量下降。此外,喷施0.3%硼酸及其拮抗剂后,果实中可溶性糖、氮元素及其他矿质营养元素的含量均有所增加。【结论】施用适宜浓度的硼(0.3%)能够显著提升板栗果实的营养成分含量,进而促进板栗产量的提高和品质的改善。[Objective]This study investigated the effects of boron(B) on chestnut fruit set and quality.It aims to provide scientific guidelines for chestnut cultivation.[Methods]During the early and full bloom stages,different concentration of boric acid(H_3BO_3) and antagonists methylboric acid(MeBA) and phenylboric acid(PBA) were sprayed to chestnut trees.Then fruit set characteristics,including fullness rate and three-fruit rate,as well as key quality indicators,such as starch,soluble sugars,nitrogen,and mineral nutrients were measured.[Results]Applying 0.3% boric acid increased chestnut fruit fullness and the three-fruit rate.However,0.5% boric acid,MeBA and PBA reduced these metrics.0.3% boric acid effectively increased amylopectin and total starch levels while lowering amylose content.MeBA and PBA decreased all starch levels.0.3% boric acid,MeBA and PBA increased soluble sugars,nitrogen,and minerals.[Conclusion]An appropriate concentration of boron(0.3%) significantly enhances the nutritional composition of chestnuts and leads to improved yield and fruit quality.

关 键 词：板栗 硼 淀粉 可溶性糖 微量元素 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学] TQ445.2[农业科学—园艺学]