荷斯坦牛及其与安格斯牛杂交后代屠宰性能和肉品质的比较  

Comparison of Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality Between Holstein and Angus-Holstein F1 Cattle

作　　者：杨松[1] 李慧 孙芳[3] 魏梓恒 卜也 隋欣芯 罗丽 刘春东 武文斌 包小平 许珊珊[3] 侯进焘 YANG Song;LI Hui;SUN Fang;WEI Ziheng;BU Ye;SUI Xinxin;LUO Li;LIU Chundong;WU Wenbin;BAO Xiaoping;XU Shanshan;HOU Jintao(Experimental and Demonstration Center,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Datong Vocational and Technical College of Coal,Datong 037000,China;Animal Husbandry Science Institution,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150069,China;Beidahuang Wandashan Dairy Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150030,China;Inner Mongolia Yizhihao Cattle Brand Management Co.,Ltd.,Tongliao 028200,China;Dongying AustAsia Modern Dairy Farm Co.,Ltd.,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学,实验与示范中心,哈尔滨150030 [2]大同煤炭职业技术学院,大同037000 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所,哈尔滨150069 [4]北大荒完达山乳业股份有限公司,哈尔滨150030 [5]内蒙古伊知好牛品牌管理有限公司,通辽028200 [6]东营澳亚现代牧场有限公司,东营257000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第3期1211-1221,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业特色产业科技创新支撑项目(优质肉牛产业科技支撑与品牌创立、CX23TS17)。

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在比较荷斯坦牛及其与安格斯牛杂交后代(安荷F1代)在直线育肥后的屠宰性能和牛肉品质。【方法】选取荷斯坦阉牛和安荷F1代阉牛各6头,两组试验牛均在2020年6月出生,出生后立即用橡皮筋结扎去势,2月龄时进行断奶,4月龄时开始进行直线育肥,两组试验牛饲粮配方及饲养条件均一致,18月龄进行屠宰。【结果】与荷斯坦阉牛相比,安荷F1代阉牛的宰前活重、胴体重、背膘厚以及眼肌面积均显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),排酸失重率极显著降低(P<0.01);屠宰率有增加的趋势(P=0.069)。两组试验牛的高档肉块出品率差异明显,其中,荷斯坦阉牛上脑和眼肉的重量占比显著低于安荷F1代阉牛(P<0.05),使得高档肉块的重量占比也呈现明显的下降(P<0.01);在优质肉块中,荷斯坦阉牛的肩肉重量显著高于安荷F1代阉牛(P<0.05)。肉品质方面,荷斯坦阉牛的剪切力比安荷F1代阉牛低(P<0.05);安荷F1代阉牛辣椒肉和外脊部位肉的肌内脂肪含量比荷斯坦阉牛低(P<0.05);杂交后,牛肉中氨基酸及脂肪酸的含量和组成均发生了改变,各部位的变化程度不相一致,安荷F1代阉牛的大黄瓜条肉的氨基酸含量高,但鲜味氨基酸低,脂肪酸的改变主要集中在饱和脂肪酸C15∶0和C16∶0上,安荷F1代阉牛显著高于荷斯坦阉牛(P<0.05)。【结论】相同饲养条件下直线育肥至18月龄,安荷F1代阉牛的屠宰性能优于荷斯坦阉牛,但肌内脂肪沉积能力低于荷斯坦阉牛。【Objective】This study aimed to compare the slaughter performance and meat quality of Holstein cattle and their Angus crossbred offspring(Holstein-Angus F1)after linear fattening.【Method】Six Holstein steers and six Holstein-Angus F1 steers were selected for the experiment.All cattle were born in June 2020.Castration was performed immediately after birth using rubber bands,weaning occurred at 2 months of age,and linear fattening began at 4 months of age.The diet and feeding conditions were the same for both groups.All cattle were slaughtered at 18 months of age.【Result】Compared to Holstein steers,the Holstein-Angus F1 steers showed significant or extremely significant improvements in pre-slaughter live weight,carcass weight,backfat thickness,and loin muscle area(P<0.05 or P<0.01),with a significant reduction in drip loss rate(P<0.01).The dressing percentage showed an increasing trend(P=0.069).There were extremely significant differences in the yield of high-quality meat cuts between the two groups.Specifically,the proportion of the weight of the chunk roll and rib eye roll in Holstein steers was significantly lower than that in Holstein-Angus F1 steers(P<0.05),resulting in a noticeable decrease in the weight proportion of high-grade meat cuts(P<0.01).In terms of high-quality meat,Holstein steers had significantly higher shoulder meat weight proportion than Holstein-Angus F1 steers(P<0.05).In terms of meat quality,Holstein steers had lower shear force than Holstein-Angus F1 steers(P<0.05).The intramuscular fat content in the chuck tender and striploin of Holstein-Angus F1 steers was lower than that of Holstein steers(P<0.05).After crossbreeding,the content and composition of amino acids and fatty acids in the beef were changed,with varying degrees of change across different cuts.Holstein-Angus F1 steers had higher amino acid content in the outside flat but lower umami amino acids.Fatty acid changes were mainly concentrated in saturated fatty acids C15∶0 and C16∶0,which were significantly higher in Ho

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 安格斯牛 杂交 阉牛 屠宰性能 肉品质 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]