近岸植被对波浪衰减的二维Boussinesq方程数值研究  

Numerical simulation for wave attenuation by nearshore vegetation based on horizontal two-dimensional Boussinesq equation

作　　者：桑祎伦 赵洋 孙昊 刘忠波 刘勇[1] SANG Yilun;ZHAO Yang;SUN Hao;LIU Zhongbo;LIU Yong(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266404,China;College of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,青岛266404 [2]大连海事大学交通运输工程学院,大连116026

出　　处：《水道港口》2025年第1期30-39,共10页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52001293,52171247)。

摘　　要：近岸植被能较显著的耗散波浪能量,从而影响和改变近岸水动力过程。基于水平二维Boussinesq型水波方程,在模型中引入植被耗散项来考虑植被对波浪的衰减效应,建立了数值模型研究波浪传播经过植被区域的演化规律,并重点分析近岸水深地形变化的影响。利用文献中的物理模型试验数据,率定植被拖曳力系数,并验证数值模型的合理性。通过数值算例,研究不同分布密度和高度的植被对波浪的耗散作用,并讨论平底和圆形浅滩地形上不同周期的波浪经过植被区域的衰减幅度。数值分析结果表明:当波浪传播经过有植被覆盖的平底地形区域时,植被会引起波能耗散,随着植被分布密度的增大,植被的波能耗散效应随之增强;圆形浅滩地形会导致浅滩后形成波浪辐聚,降低植被的消浪效果,此时增大植被密度能够有效降低波浪辐聚影响。Nearshore vegetation can dissipate wave energy and change the hydrodynamic processes significantly.Based on the horizontal two-dimensional Boussinesq-type water wave equation,vegetation dissipation was introduced into the model.The attenuation effect of vegetation on waves was considered,and a numerical model(BW model)was established to study the evolution of wave propagation through vegetation regions,especially taking into account the influence of nearshore water depth and topography changing.Through physical model test data in the literature,the coefficient of vegetation drag force was determined and the rationality of the numerical model was verified.The dissipative effects of vegetation with different distribution densities and heights were studied,and the attenuation amplitude of waves with different periods passing through vegetation areas on flat bottom and circular shoal terrains was discussed.The results show that when waves propagate through flat-bottom terrain areas covered by vegetation,energy dissipationcan becaused by vegetation.With the increase of vegetation distribution density,the wave energy dissipation effect of vegetation is gradually enhanced.The circular topography of the shoal leads to wave convergence behind the shoal,which can reduce the wave-absorbing effect of vegetation.Increasing vegetation density can reduce the influence of wave convergence effectively.

关 键 词：近岸植被 浅滩地形 BOUSSINESQ方程 波浪传播演化 海岸防护 波能衰减 

分 类 号：U65[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TV143[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]