浙江沿海海域冷空气海浪特征及危险等级分析  

Analysis of sea wave characteristics and risk levels associated with cold air masses in the waters of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：姚日升 涂小萍 周凯 庞琦烨 邱金晶 肖王星 YAO Risheng;TU Xiaoping;ZHOU Kai;PANG Qiye;QIU Jinjing;XIAO Wangxing(Ningbo Center for Meteorology and Ecology,Ningbo 315012,China;Zhejiang Provincial MeteorologicalObservatory,Hangzhou 310057,China;Ningbo Meteorological Observatory,Ningbo 315012,China;Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Hangzhou 310057,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市生态环境气象中心,宁波315012 [2]浙江省气象台,杭州310057 [3]宁波市气象台,宁波315012 [4]浙江省气象科学研究所,杭州310057

出　　处：《水道港口》2025年第1期60-70,共11页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGF22D050005);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZJMY23D050004)。

摘　　要：为了提高对冷空气海浪灾害的认识,利用2011年—2021年温州、舟山两个浮标观测和ERA5再分析资料,开展浙江沿海海域冷空气海浪特征及危险等级分析。结果表明:浙江沿海海域年平均发生冷空气事件约19.3次,每次持续32 h左右,其中约40%伴有东移风切变。1~4月有风切变的冷空气概率高于无风切变,10~12月则相反。舟山群岛冷空气海浪为轻浪,海浪危险等级低;浙江北部近海海域一般为中浪,南部近海则由海岸线自西向东由中浪增加到大浪;离海岸线较远的大部分远海海域冷空气浪为大浪,风浪对有效波高的作用随着离海岸线距离的增加而减小。有、无风切变的冷空气在发展阶段海浪要素和危险等级分布差异较大,但在冷空气维持和减弱阶段差异不大。无论是否有风切变,冷空气维持阶段,浙江沿海海域约80%的海域出现Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级海浪危险等级,即使在减弱阶段,仍有超过68%的海域冷空气海浪危险等级达到Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级。To enhance the understanding of sea wave risks associated with cold air masses,analyses of wave characteristics and risk levels were conducted in the coastal waters of Zhejiang Province.Observations from two buoys of Zhejiang were used,along with ERA5 reanalysis data covering the years 2011 to 2021.The findings indicate that there are approximately 19.3 cold air events annually,each lasting around 32 hours.About 40%of these events are accompanied by eastward-moving wind shears(hereinafter referred to as‘with-shear’),while the remaining 60%are classified as‘without-shear’.The likelihood of‘with-shear’occurrences is higher from January to April,whereas the trend is reversed from October to December.Cold air masses generally lead to mild sea conditions with a low risk level in the waters of the Zhoushan Archipelago,while moderate sea conditions are observed along the northern coast of Zhejiang Province.The southern coast,however,experiences an increase in sea wave conditions,transitioning from moderate to rough.During cold air events,rough sea conditions prevail in most offshore waters,and the proportion of wind-driven sea waves decreases with increasing distance from the coastline.In the development phase,significant differences exist between‘with-shear’and‘without-shear’cold air events in terms of the distribution of sea wave elements and associated risk levels.Nevertheless,few differences are observed in the maintenance and weakening phases.Regardless of classification,cold air occurrences result in wave risk levels I and II affecting approximately 80%of the offshore waters of Zhejiang in the maintenance stage.Even in the weakening stage,more than 68%of the offshore waters continue to experience wave risk levels I and II.

关 键 词：浮标 ERA5再分析资料 海浪 危险等级 冷空气 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X915.5[天文地球—海洋科学] P732