民间文艺保护国际共识前瞻:基于GRATK条约的考察  

Prospect of the International Consensus on Traditional Cultural Expressions Protection:Based on the Analysis of GRATK Treaty

作　　者：管育鹰[1] Guan Yuying

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中国版权》2025年第1期12-26,共15页China Copyright

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“知识产权国际保护趋势与中国对策研究”(项目编号:17AFX024)的后期成果。

摘　　要：知识产权与传统资源保护议题在世界知识产权组织协调下,历经了二十余年的国际谈判。《产权组织知识产权、遗传资源及相关传统知识条约》达成的基础共识,来源于披露原则和以防止错误授予专利权为条件的防御性保护,这与《生物多样性公约》倡导的“知情同意+惠益分享”机制有差距。对于已处于公有领域的传统文化表现形式或民间文艺来说,其版权保护存在诸多争议点,特别是期望获得专有权保护和认为属于免费公有领域而不再需要版权保护的两种观点分歧和对立明显。从国际文书谈判的发展态势看,考虑到现实可能性,对于早已公开的民间文艺,其保护期望值需要从“授权许可+使用补偿”过渡守住“注明出处+精神权利”这一底线,并充分利用现有知识产权制度保护当地人民对民间文艺的传承和利用,国内法的调适也是如此。The issue of intellectual property and traditional resource has been under international discussion coordinated by WIPO for more than twenty years.The Treaty on GRATK is achieved based on the consensus of source-disclosure principle and defensive protection preventing wrongful patent grants,which has a gap with the“Access&Benefit Sharing”mechanism proposed by Convention on Biological Diversity.For the traditional cultural expressions or folklore available in public,the copyright-like protection is controversial since the divergence is obvious between the view of exclusive right protection and that of free public domain.From the trend of negotiations on reaching an international instrument,a shift from the expectation of a“license&royalty”to the“attribution&moral rights”as bottom line might be more realistic for the protection of those folklore already in public.The adjustment is also needed in domestic law,to safeguard the transmission and utilization of traditional cultural expressions,if necessary.

关 键 词：民间文艺 GRATK条约 国际共识 版权 精神权利 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]