无人机平台在自然资源环境领域的研究进展——关于响应低空经济发展的思路及潜力探讨  

Comprehensive Review on Research Progress of Unmanned Aerial VehiclePlatforms in Natural Resources and Environment:Discussion on the Ideasand Potential of Low-altitude Economic Development

作　　者：李红中 罗毅 徐凯燕[1] 马占武[2] 殷涂龙 张金平 LI Hongzhong;LUO Yi;XU Kaiyan;MA Zhanwu;YIN Tulong;ZHANG Jinping(School of Civil Engineering,Guangdong Communication Polytechnic,Guangzhou 510650,Guangdong,China;Civil Engineering College,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Guangdong Province Communications Planning&Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510507,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东交通职业技术学院,广东广州510650 [2]北方民族大学,宁夏银川750021 [3]广东省交通规划设计研究院集团股份有限公司,广东广州510507

出　　处：《广东交通职业技术学院学报》2025年第1期36-45,共10页Journal of Guangdong Communication Polytechnic

基　　金：广东省普通高校重点科研平台项目(编号:2024GCZX023,2023CJPT003);广东省清远市哲学社会科学规划课题项目(编号:QYSK2024022);云浮市哲学社会科学常规课题项目(编号:2024云社研[43]号);广东省高职教育质量工程项目(编号:2023JG185);广东省高等职教委教改项目(编号:GDGX202401012);广东交通职业技术学院教科研项目(编号:GDCP-ZX-2024-001-N1,GDCP-ZX-2023-003-N5)。

摘　　要：低空经济是符合新质生产力发展的新型经济业态,其广泛的应用场景涉及极广的辐射范围和极长的产业链。无人机平台作为低空经济的重要组成,其应用在自然资源环境领域中极为广泛并逐渐成为防灾减灾救灾活动中不可或缺的重要支撑。研究表明,无人机平台机动灵活、实时迅捷、成本低、安全性高、数据精度高,这为其在已发自然资源环境灾害的高危区域广泛使用提供了坚实的基础。通过梳理分析低空经济相关的关键技术,本研究系统揭示了低空经济与自然资源环境的关系,同时对相关技术在矿山、海洋、水利、环境地质和灾害应急等领域的应用及其优越性进行了分析。尽管无人机平台已经被广泛地应用于自然资源环境领域,但相关技术仍然面临诸如模型构建不理想、数据传输实时性及处理水平有限、多源遥感数据的融合性差、航拍效果易受恶劣天气影响、应急决策精准制定的实时性不足等问题。针对低空经济在自然资源环境领域的持续发展,本研究提出了未来无人机平台及其相关应用的突破口:建设完善防灾减灾救灾机制,加强数据采集传输与预警能力,加快对影像快速获取技术、防灾减灾救灾技术和设备及技术平台等的研发,同时还需要重视扩大应用市场、加强研发投入和重视复合型操作人才的培养等。The low-altitude economy belongs to a new economic format that conforms to the development of new quality productivity,whose wide application scenarios involve a very wide radiation range and a very long industrial chain.As an important component of the low altitude economy,unmanned aerial vehicle platforms are widely used in the field of natural resources and environment,and have gradually become an indispensable support for disaster prevention,reduction,and relief activities.It is shown in the previous research that the unmanned aerial vehicle platforms are flexible,real-time,low-cost,high-precision,and have a high safety factor,which can provide a solid foundation for their widespread use in high-risk natural resource and environmental disaster areas.By sorting out and analyzing the key technologies of low altitude economy,this study systematically reveals the relationship between low altitude economy and natural resource environment,and analyzes the application and superiority of related technologies in fields such as mining,oceanography,water conservancy,environmental geology,and disaster emergency response.Although unmanned aerial vehicle platforms have been widely used in the field of natural resources and environment,related technologies still face problems such as poor model construction,limited real-time data transmission and processing capabilities,poor fusion of multi-source remote sensing data,susceptibility of aerial photography effects to adverse weather conditions,and insufficient real-time accuracy in emergency decision-making.In response to the sustained development of low altitude economy in the field of natural resources and environment,this study proposes a breakthrough point for future unmanned aerial vehicle platforms and their related applications:building and improving disaster prevention,reduction and relief mechanisms,strengthening data collection,transmission and early warning capabilities,rapid image acquisition technology,disaster prevention,reduction and relief technology and equipm

关 键 词：低空经济 无人机平台 自然资源 环境地质 防灾减灾 灾害应急 

分 类 号：V35[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] F426.5[经济管理—产业经济]