哈尔滨市配餐企业配送学生餐中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染状况及毒力基因分析  

Analysis on Bacillus cereus contamination and virulence genes in student meals distributed by catering enterprises in Harbin city

作　　者：郭中影 王墨阳 李玉[3] 王宜凤[1] 郝慧蕾 高远 孟南希[1] GUO Zhong-ying;WANG Mo-yang;LI Yu;WANG Yi-feng;HAO Hui-lei;GAO Yuan;MENG Nan-xi(Food Safety Risk Assessment Department,Harbin City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heilongjiang 150056,China;Business office,Harbin City Center for Disease Control and Prevention;Bacteriology Laboratory,Harbin City Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心食品安全风险评估科,黑龙江150056 [2]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心业务办公室 [3]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心细菌检验科

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2024年第11期860-863,共4页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的 了解哈尔滨市配餐企业配送学生餐中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染状况及毒力基因携带情况,为群体性食源性疾病的防控提供科学依据。方法 2023年二、三季度,在哈尔滨市4家配餐企业和其对应配送的11所中小学校采用随机抽样的方法采集120份学生餐样品,按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验蜡样芽孢杆菌检验》 GB 4789.14-2014第一法平板计数法进行蜡样芽孢杆菌计数,并采用实时荧光定量PCR法对分离鉴定的87株蜡样芽孢杆菌进行毒力基因检测。结果 蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率为72.5%(87/120)。配餐企业采集的学生餐样品蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率大于学校采集的学生餐样品,检出率分别为73.3%(44/60)、71.3%(43/60),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.042,P=0.838)。配餐距离>20 km的样品蜡样芽孢杆菌的检出率最高,为87.5%(14/16),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.701,P=0.157)。三季度学生餐样品蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率高于二季度,检出率分别为78.3%(47/60)、66.7%(40/60),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.701,P=0.157)。96.6%菌株均至少携带一种毒力基因,毒力基因模式分布共7种,hblC+、nheB+、cesB-的毒力基因模式最多,占比46.0%(40/87)。结论 哈尔滨市配餐企业配送学生餐中存在蜡样芽孢杆菌检出的情况,存在一定的食源性疾病发生风险,建议相关部门加强对配餐企业的监管力度。Objective To understand the contamination status of Bacillus cereus and its virulence gene carrying in student meals distributed by catering enterprises in Harbin city,so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks.Methods In the second and third quarters of 2023,120 samples of student meals were collected from 4 catering enterprises and 1l primary and secondary schools in Harbin.The Bacillus cereus was counted ac-cording to the first plate counting method of National Standard for Food Safety Inspection of Bacillus cereus for Microbiol-ogy of Food(GB 4789.14-2014).The virulence genes of 87 strains of Bacillus cereus were detected by PCR.Results The detection rate of Bacillus cereus was 72.5%(87/120).The detection rate of Bacillus cereus was 73.3%(44/60)in samples collected by catering enterprises,slightly higher than the 71.3%(43/60)detected in samples collected by schools(χ^(2)=0.042,P=0.838).Samples with a catering distance greater than 20km had the highest detection rate of Bacillus cereus at 87.5%(14/16)(χ^(2)=3.701,P=0.157).The detection rate of Bacillus cereus was higher in the third quarter at 78.3%(47/60)compared to 66.7%(40/60)in the second quarter(χ^(2)=3.701,P=0.157).About 96.6%of strains carried at least one virulence gene,and there were a total of 7 virulence gene patterns.The virulence gene pattern of hblC+,nheB+,and cesB-ranked first,accounting for 46.0%(40/87).Conclusion The detection of Bacillus cereus in student meal provided by catering enterprise in Harbin city has a certain risk of foodborne diseases.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen food safety supervision.

关 键 词：配餐企业 学生餐 蜡样芽孢杆菌 食品污染 毒力基因 

分 类 号：R378.7[医药卫生—病原生物学] R155[医药卫生—基础医学]