数字技术革新背景下首次销售原则的扩张适用  

On the Expanded Application of the First Sale Doctrine in the Context of Digital Technological Innovations

作　　者：孙山 SUN Shan(Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2025年第1期133-146,共14页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“法典化背景下商业秘密保护的单独立法研究”(23BFX184)。

摘　　要：首次销售原则是著作权法中重要的权利限制制度,但在进入互联网时代后,“技术保护措施+终端用户许可协议”的组合使得该原则已经在网络环境下失去了用武之地。首次销售原则的适用受限会导致作品的过度保护与产业生态链的破坏,因此,数字作品NFT交易模式出现之前各国就有将首次销售原则扩张适用于网络环境的尝试。如果能通过数字技术手段来验证购买者与某一数字作品之间的唯一性,那么相关交易将落入发行权的范畴,首次销售原则就有适用的可能。数字作品NFT交易模式属于首次销售原则扩张适用的典型,可以预见,只要在技术层面能够实现数字作品与购买者身份的唯一性锁定,未来还会出现更多的扩张适用场景。The First Sale Doctrine,which is an important right restriction regime in copyright law,has become effectively irrelevant in the cyber world in the Internet era,as a result of the advent and integration of“technical protection measures+end-user license agreement”.The rather limited application of the First Sale Doctrine will lead to excessive protection of works and the destruction of the industrial ecological chain.Therefore,before the emergence of the NFT trading model of digital works,there had been attempts to expand the First Sale Doctrine into the cyber environment.Analysis has shown that if the uniqueness between the purchaser and a certain digital work can be verified by digital technological means,then the relevant transaction will fall into the category of distribution right,and the First Sale Doctrine will then become applicable.The NFT transaction mode of digital works is a typical application of the First Sale Doctrine.It can be predicted that as long as the uniqueness between digital works and the identity of buyers thereof can be locked by technical means,there will be more scenarios for the expanded application of the doctrine in the future.

关 键 词：数字技术 首次销售原则 发行权 数字作品 NFT 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]