2024年泌尿系肿瘤精准治疗进展  

Advances in precision treatment of urinary tumors in 2024

作　　者：凌宏举 孙恺[1] 夏庆华[1,2] Ling Hongju;Sun Kai;Xia Qinghua(Department of Urology,Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University(Shandong Provincial Hospital),Shandong University,Jinan 250021,China;Department of Urology,Provincial Hospital Afiliated to Shandong First Medical University(Shandong Provincial Hospital),Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250021,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学山东第一医科大学附属省立医院(山东省立医院)泌尿外科,济南250021 [2]山东第一医科大学山东第一医科大学附属省立医院(山东省立医院)泌尿外科,济南250021

出　　处：《泌尿外科杂志(电子版)》2025年第1期73-80,共8页Journal of Urology for Clinicians(Electronic Version)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82072816)。

摘　　要：泌尿系肿瘤严重威胁患者健康与生命,精准治疗已成为该领域的关键发展方向。近年来,随着基因检测技术、分子影像学、生物信息学等多学科的迅猛发展,泌尿系肿瘤精准治疗取得显著进展。在肾癌方面,对其多种基因突变及信号通路的深入探究,推动了靶向治疗与免疫治疗药物的研发与优化,显著改善了患者预后。膀胱癌的精准治疗聚焦于特定分子标志物的检测,精准分层以指导手术、化疗、免疫治疗等个性化方案的制定,提高了治疗的有效性与针对性。前列腺癌则凭借精准的基因分型与新型内分泌治疗药物的应用,以及多参数磁共振成像等先进诊断技术辅助,为患者提供更精准的诊疗策略。同时,液体活检技术在泌尿系肿瘤的早期诊断、疗效监测与复发预警中发挥着日益重要的作用。然而,精准治疗仍面临诸多挑战,如生物标志物的标准化、治疗耐药性的克服以及高昂的治疗成本等。未来,跨学科合作与大数据共享有望进一步推动泌尿系肿瘤精准治疗的持续发展,为患者带来更多生存获益并提升生活质量。Urinary tumors seriously threaten the health and life of patients,and precision treatment has become a key development direction in this field.In recent years,with the rapid development of gene detection technology,molecular imaging,bioinformatics and other disciplines,the precision treatment of urinary tumors has made remarkable progress.In renal cancer,the in-depth investigation of its multiple gene mutations and signaling pathways has promoted the development and optimization of targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs,and significantly improved patient prognosis.The precision treatment of bladder cancer focuses on the detection of specific molecular markers,and accurately stratifies to guide the formulation of personalized programs such as surgery,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy,thus improving the effectiveness and targeting of treatment.Prostate cancer relies on accurate genotyping and the application of new endocrine therapy drugs,as well as advanced diagnostic technologies such as multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging to provide patients with more accurate diagnosis and treatment strategies.At the same time,liquid biopsy technology plays an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis,efficacy monitoring and recurrence warning of urinary tumors.However,precision therapy still faces many challenges,such as standardization of biomarkers,overcoming treatment resistance,and high treatment costs.In the future,interdisciplinary cooperation and big data sharing are expected to further promote the sustainable development of precision therapy for urological tumors,bringing more survival benefits and improving the quality of life for patients.

关 键 词：泌尿系肿瘤 靶向治疗 免疫治疗 个体化治疗 

分 类 号：R737.1[医药卫生—肿瘤]