扶贫搬迁青少年社会支持类型及其与歧视知觉、社会适应的关系  

Latent class analysis of social support and their relationship with perceived discrimination and social adaptation in adolescents relocated for poverty alleviation

作　　者：吴文丽 刘一诺 张小艳 李科生 WU Wenli;LIU Yinuo;ZHANG Xiaoyan;LI Kesheng(Health Education and Psychological Counseling Center,Social Work Research Center,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;Flight Technology College,Civil Aviation Flight University of University;College of National Culture and Cognitive Science,Guizhou Minzu University)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学心理健康教育与咨询中心,社会工作研究中心,广东广州510641 [2]中国民用航空飞行学院飞行技术学院 [3]贵州民族大学民族文化与认知科学学院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2025年第3期334-340,共7页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：贵州省教育规划项目(编号:2022B032);2023年度贵州省高校人文社会科学研究基金项目(编号:23GZGXRWJD131)。

摘　　要：目的:基于生态系统理论探讨扶贫搬迁青少年社会支持的潜在类别,并分析其与歧视知觉、社会适应之间的关联。方法:采用个体歧视知觉问卷、少年儿童社会适应量表和青少年社会支持量表,对贵州地区560名扶贫搬迁青少年进行调查。采用潜在类别分析、方差分析及中介效应检验对数据进行处理。结果:(1)扶贫搬迁青少年社会支持可分为3个潜在类别:富足型(27%)、中等型(51.8%)和匮乏型(21.2%);(2)不同社会支持类别在歧视知觉与社会适应得分上存在显著差异(F=11.11,37.21;P<0.001),其中匮乏型歧视知觉得分最高,而在社会适应得分上,富足型>中等型>匮乏型;(3)中介效应检验表明,歧视知觉对社会适应的直接效应值为-0.13,中等型社会支持在歧视知觉与社会适应间起中介作用,中介效应效值为-0.04。结论:扶贫搬迁青少年的社会支持存在异质性,且不同社会支持类别的青少年在歧视知觉和社会适应方面存在显著差异,中等型社会支持能够缓解歧视知觉对社会适应的负面影响。Objective:To explore the latent categories of social support among adolescents relocated due to poverty alleviation and to analyze their relationships with perceived discrimination and social adaptation.effects on social adaptation and the underlying mechanisms,based on the ecological systems theory.Methods:A total of 560 adolescents relocated due to poverty alleviation in Guizhou were recruited to complete Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire,the Social Adaptation Scale for Children and Adolescents,and the Social Support Scale for Adolescents.Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis,analysis of variance,and mediation effect testing.Results:(1)Three latent classes of social support among the relocated adolescents were identified:Abundant Support(27%),Moderate Support(51.8%),and Deprived Support(21.2%).(2)Significant differences were found in perceived discrimination and social adaptation scores across different social support classes(F=11.11,37.21,P<0.001),with the Deprived Support group scoring highest in perceived discrimination and the Abundant Support group scoring highest in social adaptation,followed by the Moderate Support and Deprived Support groups.(3)Mediation analysis revealed a direct effect of perceived discrimination on social adaptation(β=-0.13),and Moderate Support was found to mediate the relationship between perceived discrimination and social adaptation,with a mediation effect size of-0.04.Conclusion:There is heterogeneity in social support among adolescents relocated due to poverty alleviation,with significant differences in perceived discrimination and levels of social adaptation among different social support categories.Moderate social support can ameliorate the adverse effects of perceived discrimination on social adaptation.

关 键 词：社会支持 社会适应 潜在类别分析 歧视知觉 扶贫搬迁 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学] B844.2[医药卫生—医学心理学]