创业失败的意义建构与意义赋予--来自中国官媒创业失败报道的证据  

Sensemaking and sensegiving of entrepreneurial failure events:Evidence from Chinese official media reports

作　　者：于晓宇[1,2,3] 贾迎亚 YU Xiao-yu;JIA Ying-ya(School of Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Shanghai Center for Enterprise Innovation and High-quality Development(SCEI&HD),Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Center for Digital Innovation and High-quality Development,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院,上海200444 [2]上海企业创新与高质量发展研究中心,上海200444 [3]上海大学数字创新与高质量发展研究中心,上海200444

出　　处：《管理科学学报》2024年第12期19-36,共18页Journal of Management Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助重大项目(72091310,72091315);国家自然科学基金资助重点项目(72232010);上海市智库青年领军人才专项课题(2024TRC018)。

摘　　要：官媒选取不同的新闻框架建构创业失败事件.作为公共话语的中心提供者,官媒如何对创业失败事件进行意义建构与意义赋予,进而影响社会的失败认知与宽容失败氛围,仍然缺乏系统研究.通过对北京市、上海市、广东省三地官媒在2015年—2017年间发表创业失败报道新闻框架类型及结构的内容分析,本文提出中国官媒报道创业失败的建构模型,发现:1)官媒对创业失败事件的意义建构选取两类新闻框架,即风险型框架与机会型框架;2)两类新闻框架采用不同的结构进行意义赋予,在失败报道事件类型、失败原因解释及失败结果解读三方面存在显著差异;3)官媒选取的新闻框架类型受区域创业活跃度影响,并可能塑造社会大众的创业失败认知和影响其创业意向.本文融合新闻框架视角与意义建构理论揭示了官媒对创业失败的建构过程,为理解官媒如何选择创业失败的新闻框架类型,结构化地讲述创业失败故事,以及了解不同框架的前因与后果提供了重要启发.Chinese official media uses various types of news framing to report entrepreneurial failure.However,there is limited knowledge on how the official media make sense of(sensemaking)and give sense to(sensegiving)entrepreneurial failure events,and its subsequent effects on public cognition and failure tolerance climate.Using entrepreneurial failure events reported by Chinese official media in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong from 2015 to 2017,this study employs content analysis to construct a process model of sensemaking and sensegiving by the official media in their reporting of entrepreneurial failure.There are three main findings.1)Chinese official media uses two types of news framing to make sense of entrepreneurial failure:Risk framing and opportunity framing.2)The sensegiving structures of these two types of framing differ significantly in terms of the event category of entrepreneurial failure,the attributes of entrepreneurial failure,and the outcomes interpretation of entrepreneurial failure.3)The type of news framing used is dependent on regional entrepreneurial activity and can shape the public’s cognition of entrepreneurial failure and entrepreneurial intention.Combining the knowledge of news framing in communication studies with sensemaking theory in strategic management,this study investigates the social construction processes of entrepreneurial failure by Chinese official media.The findings offer important implications for recognizing how official media systematically and structurally choose the type of news framing to construct entrepreneurial failure stories and their roles in shaping of public cognition.

关 键 词：创业失败 意义建构 意义赋予 新闻框架 官媒 创业叙事 宽容失败氛围 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理]