SiC陶瓷自润滑的研究进展与展望  

Progress and Prospect of Self-Lubrication of SiC Ceramics

作　　者：张巍 ZHANG Wei(Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Liaoning Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《摩擦学学报(中英文)》2024年第12期1764-1776,共13页Tribology

基　　金：中国科学院金属研究所自主部署项目(E255L401)资助。

摘　　要：碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷是1种重要的摩擦学材料.在干滑动条件下,SiC陶瓷的摩擦系数较高,降低了摩擦系统的可靠性和耐用性,因此限制了其广泛应用.在实际应用中,SiC陶瓷摩擦元件有时用于无法使用润滑剂等特殊工况条件,需采用自润滑的方式来降低其摩擦系数.目前,SiC陶瓷实现自润滑主要有4种方式:预氧化、添加固体润滑剂、表面织构和多孔结构.这些自润滑方法均可在一定条件下实现SiC陶瓷的自润滑,从而降低摩擦系统的能耗.本文中根据SiC陶瓷自润滑的研究结果,总结了SiC陶瓷自润滑的方法与机理,并对SiC陶瓷自润滑未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为SiC陶瓷自润滑的设计和研究提供依据.Silicon carbide(SiC)has high hardness,low density,and good wear resistance;thus,SiC ceramics are an important tribological material.Under dry sliding conditions,the friction coefficient of SiC ceramics is high(0.4~0.8),reducing the reliability and durability of the tribosystem.Therefore,the widespread application of SiC ceramics is limited.In practical applications,friction components composed of SiC ceramics are sometimes used in special working conditions where lubricants cannot be used,so it is necessary to reduce their friction coefficient by self-lubrication.At present,there are four methods for SiC ceramics to achieve self-lubrication:pre-oxidation,addition of solid lubricant,surface texture,and porous structure.Pre-oxidation and addition of solid lubricant achieve the self-lubrication of SiC ceramics by changing the surface chemical composition,while surface texture and porous structure achieve the selflubrication of SiC ceramics by changing the surface physical morphology.After pre-oxidation,SiO_(2)is formed on the surface of SiC ceramics,which is beneficial to reducing the friction coefficient of SiC ceramics.Although SiC ceramics can achieve self-lubrication after pre-oxidation,the mechanisms of self-lubrication and wear are not yet fully understood.The addition of solid lubricant is to add the material with a layered crystal structure to the SiC ceramic matrix.During the sliding,the solid lubricant is extracted from the SiC ceramic matrix and smears on the friction surface;thus,the solid lubricant can provide a low friction coefficient for SiC ceramics by forming an external lubricating layer.However,the method of adding solid lubricant is not suitable for achieving self-lubrication of SiC ceramics under mild wear conditions.Either surface texture or porous structure is to pre-fabricate concave-convex structure on the surface of SiC ceramics.This concave-convex structure can not only trap wear debris generated during the sliding,reducing plowing and micro-cutting effects,but also decrease the real cont

关 键 词：SIC陶瓷 自润滑 预氧化 固体润滑剂 表面织构 多孔结构 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TB321[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]