城市低空环境下医用无人机运输安全间隔评估方法  

A Safety Interval Assessment Method of Medical Drone Transportation in Urban Low-altitude Environment

作　　者：赵佳虹 张东丹 李承昊 胡鹏 ZHAO Jiahong;ZHANG Dongdan;LI Chenghao;HU Peng(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;The Second Research Institute of CAAC,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学土木与交通工程学院,广东广州510006 [2]中国民用航空总局第二研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《工业工程》2025年第1期40-48,共9页Industrial Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61803091);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2022A1515010192)。

摘　　要：为了有效控制城市低空风险和保障无人机运输安全,提出了一类医用无人机运输安全间隔的评估方法。考虑无人机的运行特征、低空环境的不确定性和医用物资的危险特性,设置了冲突、碰撞和泄露3类事故,并分析了各类事故下的风险因素和影响后果。以城市低空风险控制为目标,针对医用无人机运输场景,设置无人机的避冲突、避撞和避险3个风险控制阶段,以安全间隔为关键参数,建立多阶段的城市低空风险度量模型。引入Event模型和高斯烟羽模型,分别设计这3个阶段的医用无人机运输安全间隔评估方法。通过案例和测试分析,验证了模型和方法的有效性。计算结果显示,新模型和方法可以有效评估载货医用无人机运输的潜在风险,可以提供不同情境下的医用无人机运输安全间隔值;安全间隔会受到无人机运行俯仰角、运行速度、尺寸、风速、高度和医用物资有害物质泄漏量等关键参数的影响;在避冲突阶段,通用型医用无人机在纵向、侧向和垂直方向的运输安全间隔分别为41.8~46.7 m、20.4~25.2 m和14.6~18 m;在避撞阶段,在纵向、侧向和垂直方向的运输安全间隔分别为53.9~127.4 m、20.9~22.7 m和25.4~36.2 m;在避险阶段,运输安全间隔则为9.41~14.16 m。With the development of low-altitude technology,adopting drones to transport medical materials has become a primary application scenario in urban low-altitude environment.To control urban low-altitude risks and ensure the safety of drone transportation,a method of assessing the safety interval of medical drone transportation is proposed.Considering the operational characteristics of drones,uncertainties in low-altitude environment,and the hazardous properties of medical materials,three types of incidents including conflict,collision and leakage,are identified.The corresponding risk factors as well as consequences are analyzed.Aiming to mitigate the total urban low-altitude risks,a multi-stage risk assessment model for medical drone transportation is proposed,including conflict,collision,and risk avoidance stages,with the safety interval as the key parameter.Introducing the Event model and Gaussian plume model,the safety interval assessment method at each risk stage is individually formulated.Finally,the effectiveness of the model and method is verified by a case study and numerical analysis.Results show that,the proposed model and method can assess the potential risks of medical drone transportation effectively.They also can provide the safety interval values in different situations.Furthermore,the safety intervals are significantly affected by key factors such as drone pitch angles,operating speed,sizes,wind speed,altitude,and hazardous substance leakage in medical materials.In the conflict avoidance stage,the safety intervals for general medical drone transportation are 41.8~46.7 meters longitudinally,20.4~25.2 meters laterally,and 14.6~18 meters vertically.In the collision avoidance stage,the safety intervals are 127.4~53.9 meters longitudinally,22.7~20.9 meters laterally,and 36.2~25.4 meters vertically.In the risk avoidance stage,the safety interval is recommended to 9.41~14.16 meters.

关 键 词：物流工程 无人机 低空运输 医用物资 风险 安全间隔 

分 类 号：V328[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] F403[经济管理—产业经济]