我国老年人患慢性病数量、挫商和健康适能状况的相关性研究  

Study on Correlation Among the Number of Chronic Diseases,Frustration Quotient and Health Fitness Status of Older Adults in China

作　　者：卢城城 许军[2] 邱恒[3] 黄晨 张孜成 李德敏 LU Chengcheng(School of Health Services Management,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510515,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学卫生管理学院,广东广州510515 [2]南方医科大学南方医院运营管理部,广东广州510515 [3]南方医科大学南方医院事业发展部,广东广州510515 [4]南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510515

出　　处：《医学与社会》2025年第2期88-95,共8页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目,编号为71673126;广东省哲学社会科学项目,编号为GD23XTY41;广州市科技计划项目,编号为202103000037。

摘　　要：目的:探讨我国老年人患慢性病数量、挫商和健康适能状况的相关性,为改善我国老年人健康适能状况提供参考依据。方法:于2020年4-9月,采用多阶段分层抽样方法选取6811名60岁及以上的我国老年人进行问卷调查,通过结构方程模型分析老年人患慢性病数量、挫商和健康适能状况之间的关系,采用Bootstrap法估计挫商的中介效应。结果:我国老年人的挫商与健康适能状况呈正相关关系,患慢性病数量与健康适能状况呈负相关关系。挫商在老年人患慢性病数量与健康适能状况的关系中存在中介效应。患慢性病数量对生理适能、心理适能和社会适能的直接效应分别为-0.106(-0.118,-0.094)、-0.069(-0.081,-0.058)、-0.061(-0.079,-0.044),通过挫商对生理适能、心理适能和社会适能的间接效应分别为-0.006(-0.009,-0.004)、-0.010(-0.014,-0.006)、-0.016(-0.023,-0.010)。结论:我国老年人患慢性病数量、挫商与健康适能状况间存在相关关系,患慢性病数量可以直接或通过挫商间接对老年人健康适能状况产生影响。因此建议提高老年人的自我抗压能力与调适能力,使其面对外界冲击时主动改变自身行为,积极适应外部的变化环境,减少慢性病带给老年人的消极影响,促进其个人适应能力提升。Objective:To explore the correlation among the number of chronic diseases,frustration quotient and health fitness status of older adults in China,so as to provide a reference basis for improving the health fitness status of older adults in China.Methods:From April to September 2020,a questionnaire survey was conducted by multistage stratified sampling.6811 older adults aged 60 and above in China were investigated.The structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship among the number of chronic diseases,frustration quotient and health fitness status.Bootstrap method was used to estimate the mediating effect of frustration quotient.Results:There was a positive correlation between frustration quotient and health fitness status,and a negative correlation between the number of chronic diseases and health fitness status.There were mediating effects in the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and health fitness status.The direct effects of the number of chronic diseases on physical fitness,psychological fitness and social fitness were-0.106(-0.118,-0.094),-0.069(-0.081,-0.058),-0.061(-0.079,-0.044),respectively.The indirect effects on physiological fitness,psychological fitness and social fitness were-0.006(-0.009,-0.004),-0.010(-0.014,-0.006)and-0.016(-0.023,-0.010),respectively.Conclusion:The number of chronic diseases and frustration quotient in older adults in China are related to health fitness status.The number of Chronic diseases can directly or indirectly affect individual health fitness status through frustration quotient.Therefore,it is suggested to improve the anti-pressure ability and adjustment ability of older adults,so that they can actively change their own behavior or adapt to the external environment actively when facing the external impact,and promote their personal adaptability.

关 键 词：医学心理 健康适能 挫商 慢性病 老年人 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] R195.4