面向土地退化中和的国土空间生态修复规划:逻辑框架与关键问题  

Territorial ecological restoration planning towards Land Degradation Neutrality: Logical framework and key issues

作　　者：金晓斌[1,2,3] 韩博 李权荃 周寅康 JIN Xiao-bin;HAN Bo;LI Quan-quan;ZHOU Yin-kang(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Provincial Land Consolidation and Ecological Restoration Engineering Research Center,Nanjing 210023,China;Observation Research Station of Land Ecology and Land Use in the Yangtze River Delta,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023 [2]自然资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室,南京210023 [3]江苏省国土整治与生态修复工程研究中心,南京210023 [4]自然资源部长三角国土生态与土地利用野外科学观测研究站,南京210023

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2025年第2期287-301,共15页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271259,42371284);自然资源部长三角国土生态与土地利用野外科学观测研究站开放基金项目(2023YRDLELU03)。

摘　　要：国土空间生态修复是中国应对土地退化挑战、实现“双碳”目标、建设美丽中国的重要途径。但是,当前国土空间生态修复规划系统性、整体性、综合性有待提升,以支撑山水林田湖草一体化保护修复。借鉴联合国可持续发展目标15.3提出的土地退化中和(LDN)概念,建立中国国情下面向LDN的国土空间生态修复规划框架与逻辑主线,提出实现LDN的关键研究问题。结果显示:(1)LDN的发展体现了国际生态修复项目从分散到融合的过程,其概念框架与实施逻辑具有基础性与普适性,可为中国探索系统性国土空间生态修复规划提供参考;(2)面向LDN的国土空间生态修复规划聚焦一个问题(土地退化)、借助一个指标(退化土地占比)、实现一个目标(LDN),遵循“调查分析—退化识别—中和目标—中和布局—中和措施—中和监测”的递进式规划逻辑;(3)面向LDN的生态保护修复规划关键内容包括问题诊断、优先区识别、修复单元划定、监测机制设计等,有待研究深化。为促进LDN概念本土化,建议建立生态系统退化与修复平衡(生态“退修”平衡)机制,以避免、缓解和修复国土空间全地类的数量、质量、生产力流失与退化为目标,统筹规划编制与项目实施。Territorial ecological restoration(TER)is vital for China to address land degradation challenges,achieve its carbon neutrality strategy,and build the Beautiful China.However,the current TER planning system needs enhancement in its systematic,holistic,and integrated approach to support the unified conservation and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasslands.This paper draws on the Land Degradation Neutrality(LDN)concept proposed by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15.3 to establish a logical framework for LDN-oriented TER planning in China,highlighting key research questions to achieve LDN.The findings are:(1)The evolution of LDN reflects the global shift from fragmented to integrated ecological restoration projects.Its conceptual framework and implementation logic offer foundational and universal aspects that can guide the exploration of systematic TER planning in China.(2)LDN-oriented TER planning focuses on addressing land degradation through a singular metric(the proportion of degraded land)to achieve one goal(LDN),following a planning logic of"status analysis-degradation identification-setting LDN goals-identifying LDN pattern-implementing LDN measures-monitoring LDN".(3)Key research questions for achieving LDN in TER include diagnosis of ecological problems,identification of ecological restoration priority area,delineation of TER implementation units,and design of TER monitoring mechanisms.To promote the localization of the LDN concept,it is recommended to establish a balancing mechanism for ecosystem degradation and restoration,targeting the avoidance,alleviation,and restoration of quantity,quality,and productivity degradation across all land-use types,so as to coordinate planning formulation and project implementation.

关 键 词：国土空间生态修复 国土空间规划 土地退化中和 国土整治 生态补偿 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]