极小种群植物巧家五针松拯救保护研究综述  

Research Review on Rescue and Protection of Plant Species with Extremely Small Population Pinus squamata

作　　者：杨忠兴[1] 华朝朗[1] 陈春祥[1] 赵昌奎 胡艳萍 吴明慧 张天壁 YANG Zhongxing;HUA Chaolang;CHEN Chunxiang;ZHAO Changkui;HU Yanping;WU Minghui;ZHANG Tianbi(Yunnan Institute of Forest Inventory and Planning,Kunming 650051,China;Administration of Yunnan Yaoshan National Nature Reserve,Qiaojia,Yunnan 654000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业调查规划院,云南昆明650051 [2]云南药山国家级自然保护区管护局,云南巧家654000

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2025年第1期115-121,共7页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：云南省科技厅2023年第二批科技成果转化专项资金(530000231100001753720).

摘　　要：从野生种群现状与生境特征、致危因素、繁殖生物学特性与繁殖技术、保护遗传学特征、综合保护与实践等方面对巧家五针松拯救保护研究进行综述,介绍拯救保护取得的进展。通过近地、迁地、种群回归等综合保护与实践,巧家五针松已从34株野生种群扩繁到3550多株。34株野生种群分布区已建立了国家级自然保护区,建设了防火隔离带,实施了病虫害防治、抗旱、抗寒、宣传教育等一系列保护措施,开展了原生境及其种群动态监测,野外种群得到了强有力保护;建立樟木箐种群回归点1处,保存株数1600多株,2023年回归种群首次开展采种育苗;巧家县境内建立了近地保护点11处,保存株数1100多株,建立迁地保护点13处、种子库1个,保存株数850多株。巧家五针松拯救保护工作取得了显著成效,为巧家五针松的基因保存、种群延续奠定了坚实基础。This paper reviewed the research on the rescue and protection of Pinus squamata from the aspects of wild population status and habitat characteristics,risk factors,reproductive biology characteristics and reproductive techniques,conservation genetics characteristics,comprehensive protection and practice,and introduced the progress made in rescue and protection.Through comprehensive protection and practice such as near situ conservation,ex situ conservation,and population reintroduction,Pinus squamata had expanded from 34 wild plants populations to over 3550 plants.The distribution area of 34 wild plants populations had established a national nature reserve,built fire isolation zones,implemented a series of protection measures such as pest control,drought resistance,cold resistance,and publicity and education,and carried out monitoring of the original habitat and population dynamics.The wild populations had been strongly protected.The population reintroduction site in Zhangmuqing was established,preserving over 1600 plants,and the first seed collection and seedling cultivation for the reintroduction population was conducted in 2023.There were 11 near situ conservation sites established in Qiaojia County,with over 1100 preserved plants,and 13 ex situ conservation sites and 1 seed bank,with over 850 preserved plants.The rescue and protection of Pinus squamata had achieved significant results,laying a solid foundation for the gene preservation and population continuity of Pinus squamata.

关 键 词：巧家五针松 极小种群 拯救保护 云南药山国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：S791.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种] O122.5[农业科学—林学] S718.54[理学—数学] Q16[理学—基础数学]