全球国有企业的百年兴衰与经济思潮演变  

The Century-Long Evolution of Global State-Owned Enterprises and the Development of Economic Thought

作　　者：周建军[1] Zhou Jianjun(Research Center of the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]国务院国有资产监督管理委员会研究中心

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2025年第1期86-99,共14页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

摘　　要：21世纪以来,全球国有企业呈现出再兴的趋势,在众多国家和地区的经济社会发展中扮演着重要角色。从历史长河来看,受工业化、城市化、“大萧条”、两次世界大战、石油危机、国际金融危机、新冠疫情等重大事件影响,全球国有企业在过去100多年兴衰起伏,经历了曲折的发展历程。从经济思潮来看,支持和质疑国有企业的理论在不同时期影响了全球国有企业的发展演变。尽管存在分歧,但越来越多的经济学研究和经济发展实践,表明了国有企业在基础设施和公共服务领域存在的必要性,也显示了国有企业在竞争性领域存在的重要性和可能性。伴随着经济学界对“华盛顿共识”的反思,经济合作组织、国际货币基金组织、世界银行和联合国机构在内的国际组织也对国有企业予以重新评价,局部修正了之前的政策倡议。中国要在比较借鉴中增进和丰富自身对于国有企业发展兴衰、经济理论和政策的认知,客观看待并积极发挥国有企业在经济社会发展中的功能和作用,走好中国式现代化道路。Since the 21st century, global state-owned enterprises(SOEs) have experienced a resurgence, playing a significant role in the economic and social development of various nations and regions. Historically, the trajectory of SOEs has been shaped by major global events such as industrialization, urbanization, the Great Depression, world wars, oil crises, international financial crises, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the past century, SOEs have witnessed periods of both rise and decline.From the perspective of economic thought, competing theories that support or critique SOEs have influenced their development across different historical periods. While opinions remain divided, growing evidence from economic research and practice underscores the necessity of SOEs in infrastructure and public services and highlights their potential viability in competitive industries. With the reassessment of the “Washington Consensus” by economists, international organizations such as the OECD, IMF, World Bank, and UN agencies have revised their policies regarding SOEs.China should enhance its understanding of SOE development, economic theories, and policymaking. By objectively evaluating the roles and functions of SOEs, China can better leverage their contributions to economic and social development, aligning with the pathway of Chinese modernization.

关 键 词：国有企业 发展兴衰 经济思潮 政策倡议 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理]