经典名方中鸡血藤的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Spatholobi Caulis in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：向雅洁 刘洋洋[2] 冯剑[2] 姚春 郝二伟 李文兰[1] 詹志来 XIANG Yajie;LIU Yangyang;FENG Jian;YAO Chun;HAO Erwei;LI Wenlan;ZHAN Zhilai(Pharmaceutical College,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150076,China;Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine,Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,International Joint Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality,Haikou 570311,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530200,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学药学院,哈尔滨150076 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所海南分所,海南省南药资源保护与开发利用重点实验室,中药质量国际联合研究中心,海口570311 [3]广西中医药大学,广西中药药效研究重点实验室,南宁530200 [4]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2025年第6期238-248,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23023035-4);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2023E002、CI2021A03702);中央本级重大增减支项目-名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：该文通过查阅历代本草、医籍、地方志结合近现代文献资料,对鸡血藤药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工与使用、品质评价、功能主治等方面进行了系统的梳理与考证,为包含鸡血藤的经典名方开发利用提供参考依据。经考证可知,鸡血藤始载于清代雍正《顺宁府志》,最初为云南顺宁地方习用药材,因其藤砍断后流出如鸡血般红色汁液而得名。其历代主流基原为木兰科异形南五味子Kadsura heteroclita和豆科密花豆Spatholobus suberectus,其中异形南五味子功能偏于散瘀通络,主治风湿痹痛,跌打损伤,多作为鸡血藤膏的原料;密花豆功能偏于行血补血,通经活络,主治贫血、月经不调、风湿骨痛,多作饮片入汤剂。清代著录其产地为云南,现鸡血藤S.suberectus产区主要为广西,滇鸡血藤K.interior产区主要为云南。清代鸡血藤通常将鸡血藤汁佐以红花、当归、糯米等熬膏后使用,现代则多为切片后晒干使用。密花豆品质多以切面赤褐色层圈数多,树脂状分泌物多者为佳。基于考证结果,建议开发包含鸡血藤的古代经典名方时,结合处方功效,选择豆科密花豆S.suberectus或木兰科异形南五味子K.heteroclita入药。并建议将滇鸡血藤药材基原调整为异形南五味子K.heteroclita,避免基原名称不一致产生混淆,功能调整为行气止痛,散瘀通络,主治跌打损伤。Through consulting herbal medicine,medical books,and local chronicles from past dynasties to modern times,this paper systematically researched Spatholobi Caulis from name,origin,producing areas,harvesting,processing,usage,quality evaluation,functions and indications,providing a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Spatholobi Caulis.According to the research,Spatholobi Caulis was first recorded in the Annals of Shunning Prefecture from the Qing dynasty.It was originally a medicinal herb commonly used in Shunning,Yunnan,and was named from the red juice resembling chicken blood that flowed out after the vein was cut off.The mainstream original plants of each dynasty were Kadsura heteroclita and Spatholobus suberectus.Among them,K.heteroclita mainly focused on dispersing blood stasis and unblocking meridians,mainly treating rheumatic pain and injuries caused by falls or blows,and it is mostly used as the raw material of Jixueteng ointments.S.suberectus was commonly used as decoction pieces in decoction,which had the functions of promoting blood circulation and replenishing blood,activating meridians and collaterals,and mainly used for treating anemia,irregular menstruation,and rheumatic bone pain.The production area of Spatholobi Caulis recorded in the Qing dynasty was Yunnan.Currently,the main production area of S.suberectus is Guangxi,while the main production area of K.interior is Yunnan.In the Qing dynasty,the usage of Spatholobi Caulis was an individual prescription with other herbs before making ointments,which was usually composed of the juice of it,safflower,angelica,and glutinous rice.But in modern times,Spatholobi Caulis is mostly sliced and dried for use.The quality of Spatholobi Caulis is often determined by the number of reddish-brown concentric circles on the cut surface,with a higher number indicating better quality.Additionally,the presence of resinous secretions is also considered desirable.Based on the research findings,it is suggested that when devel

关 键 词：经典名方 本草考证 名称 鸡血藤 滇鸡血藤 基原 产地 功能主治 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R931[文化科学] Z126.27