2019—2023年河南省方城县重点人群碘营养相关监测结果分析  

Iodine nutrition monitoring results of key populations from 2019 to 2023 in Fangcheng County, Henan Province

作　　者：洪洋 任辉 宋广丽 HONG Yang;REN Hui;SONG Guangli(Fangcheng Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Fangcheng 473200,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]方城县疾病预防控制中心检验科,河南方城473200

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第12期914-918,共5页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的 了解河南省方城县重点人群甲状腺肿大情况和碘营养状况,为采取针对性防治措施提供科学依据。方法 于2019—2023年采用分层整群随机抽样,在方城县17个乡镇(街道)随机抽取1 000名8~10岁非寄宿学生和500名孕妇作为监测对象。采集重点人群家中食用盐和随机中段尿样,并按照相应方法进行检测;2020年和2023年对所抽取的儿童采用B超检查甲状腺容积。计算尿碘中位数、碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、碘盐合格率、盐碘中位数等指标,对方城县重点人群碘营养状况进行描述性分析。结果 儿童家中合格碘盐食用率为94.6%,合格碘盐食用率呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=108.97,R=0.297,P<0.05),不同年份的碘盐覆盖率差异无统计学意义(P=0.519),但不同年份的碘盐合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);尿碘中位数为170.68μg/L,不同年份方城县儿童尿碘含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男童尿碘浓度高于女童(Z=-2.742,P=0.006)。不同年龄儿童尿碘含量水平分布差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。B超所检查的400名8~10岁学生,甲状腺肿大率为2.0%。孕妇家中合格碘盐食用率为91.6%,合格碘盐食用率呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=61.22,R=0.311,P<0.05),各年间碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),孕妇尿碘中位数为214.98μg/L,各年间孕妇尿碘检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同孕期尿碘浓度差异无统计学意义(P=0.786)。结论 河南省方城县重点人群合格碘盐覆盖率、尿碘水平以及儿童甲状腺肿大虽然达到碘缺乏病消除的标准,但是碘营养水平不均衡,碘缺乏和碘超适宜的情况同时存在。应加强对重点人群的宣传教育,不断强化科学补碘。Objective This study was aimed at determining the goiter and iodine nutritional status of key populations in Fangcheng County,Henan Province,to provide a scientific basis for targeted prevention and control measures.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used from 2019 to 2023.A total of 1000 children 8-10 years of age and 500 pregnant women from 19 townships(streets)in Fangcheng County were selected.Salt samples and random midstream urine samples were collected and tested according to relevant standards.Children were examined through b-ultrasound for goiter in 2020 and 2023.Excel and SPSS 21.0 were used for descriptive analysis to calculate indicators such as the median urinary iodine,iodized salt coverage rate,iodized salt qualification rate,consumption rate of qualified iodized salt rate,and median salt iodine.The iodine nutrition status of key populations in Fangcheng County was evaluated through methods such as the Kruskal-Wallis H test,trend chi-square test,and chi-square test.Results The edible rate of qualified iodized salt in children’s home was 94.6%and showed an upward trend(χ^(2)=108.97,R=0.297,P<0.05).No significant difference in iodized salt coverage rate was observed across years(P=0.519).However,a significant difference was observed in the rate of qualified iodized salt across years.The median urinary iodine was 170.68μg/L.A significant difference was observed in urinary iodine concentrations among children in Fangcheng County(P<0.05).The urinary iodine concentration was higher in boys than girls(Z=-2.742,P=0.006).No significant difference in urinary iodine concentrations was observed among children of different ages(P<0.05).A total of 400 school-age children(8-10 years)were examined by ultrasound.Among them,the goiter rate was 2.0%.The rate of qualified iodized salt for pregnant women was 91.6%.The edible rate of qualified iodized salt showed an upward trend(χ^(2)=61.22,R=0.311,P<0.05).The difference in salt iodine content,coverage rate of iodized salt,and edible rate of qualified io

关 键 词：儿童 孕妇 盐碘 尿碘 监测 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]