变转速下基于改进多阶概率法的转频估计  

Rotational Frequency Estimation Based on Improved Multi-Order Probability Method Under Variable Rotational Speed

作　　者：郭文浩[1] 耿长青 李奕璠 GUO Wenhao;GENG Changqing;LI Yifan(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China;CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou 412001,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉430063 [2]中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司,湖南株洲412001 [3]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《轴承》2025年第3期79-87,共9页Bearing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB2603705);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52072321)。

摘　　要：传统的频谱分析方法在处理变速工况下的振动信号时会出现频谱混淆现象,难以准确识别故障特征。阶次跟踪可以将非平稳的时域振动信号重采样为准平稳的角域信号,进而得到更准确的故障特征阶次信息。多阶概率法是一种有效的转速估计方法,但在处理转速波动较大的振动信号时常出现脊线模糊、不连续等问题,导致转速估计效果不佳。为实现高速动车组车轴等无转速计机械装备转速信息的准确获取,提出一种新的时频脊线提取方法,并利用提出的时频脊线提取方法对多阶概率法进行优化,有效抑制了转频所在频带内无关分量与噪声的干扰,同时在提取幅值峰值与保证脊线的连续性之间建立了可靠的动态平衡,从而准确地估计转频。与快速路径优化法和多阶概率法的对比结果表明,改进的多阶概率法误差最小,且能够在转速剧烈波动的情况下准确、完整地提取转频信息。The traditional frequency spectrum analysis methods may encounter spectrum confusion when processing vibration signals under variable speed conditions,making it difficult to identify the fault characteristics accurately.The order tracking can resample non-stationary time-domain vibration signals into quasi stationary angular domain signals,thereby obtaining more accurate fault characteristic order information.The multi-order probability method is an effective method for estimation of rotational speed,but when processing vibration signals with large fluctuations of rotational speed,it often leads to problems such as blurred ridge lines and discontinuities,resulting in poor estimation effect of rotational speed.In order to accurately obtain the rotational speed information of mechanical equipment without tachometer,such as axle of high-speed EMU,a new method is proposed for extraction of time-frequency ridge line.The multi-order probability method is optimized by using proposed time-frequency ridge line extraction method to effectively suppress the interference of irrelevant components and noise within frequency band where the rotational frequency is located.Additionally,a reliable dynamic balance is established between extracting peak values of amplitude and ensuring continuity of ridge lines,so that the rotational frequency can be accurately estimated.A comparison with fast path optimization method and multi-order probability method reveals that the improved multiorder probability method minimizes errors and can accurately and fully extract the rotational frequency information,even in the presence of significant fluctuations of rotational speed.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 特征提取 变速 脊线 多阶概率法 阶次跟踪 瞬时频率 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]