梁河滇皂角米发育成熟过程中主要营养物质变化研究  

Study on the Changes of Main Nutrients in the Development and Maturation of the Perisperms from Gleditsia japonica var.delavayi in Lianghe

作　　者：杨江蓉 唐小艳 张斌 郑福祥 陈茂邦 龚福明 YANG Jiang-rong;TANG Xiao-yan;ZHANG Bin(Dehong Vocational College,Mangshi,Yunnan 678400)

机构地区：[1]德宏职业学院,云南芒市678400 [2]德宏傣族景颇族自治州检验检测院,云南芒市678400

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第4期170-173,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：德宏职业学院校级项目(XJYB2020002);云南省教育厅基础研究项目(2022J1636,2023J1877);德宏州特色民族传统发酵食品研发科技创新团队(2023RC010)。

摘　　要：根据国标法对梁河滇皂角米发育成熟不同阶段的蛋白质、膳食纤维、总糖、氨基酸与矿物质元素等营养成分及含量进行分析,探讨梁河滇皂角米成熟过程中营养物质的变化规律。结果表明:梁河滇皂角米发育成熟过程中除膳食纤维含量是完熟果>过熟果>嫩果外,蛋白质、总糖、氨基酸总量(包括必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量)、矿物质元素含量均为嫩果高于完熟果和过熟果。梁河滇皂角米嫩果中蛋白质、总糖和膳食纤维含量分别为4.53%、6.80%和0.09%;必需氨基酸总量(EAA)最高可达793.30 mg/kg,氨基酸总量(TAA)则高达1723.20 mg/kg,EAA/TAA则可高达0.46;矿物质元素总量为12908.42mg/kg,远高于完熟果和过熟果。综上所述,结合嫩果皂角米外观及营养物质含量分析结果,嫩果成为梁河滇皂角米比较理想的采摘果实。According to the national standard method,the nutrients substance and its contents of protein,dietary fiber,total sugar,amino acid and mineral elements of different stages in the development and maturation of the perisperms from Gleditsia japonica var.delavayi in Lianghe were analyzed to discuss the changes of nutrients in the maturation process.The results showed that the perisperms from G.japonica var.delavayi at immature fruit samples had higher contents of protein,total sugar,total amino acids(including total essential amino acids,total non-essential amino acids)and mineral elements than the complete ripeness samples and overripe fruit samples.However,the perisperms from G.japonica var.delavayi at complete ripeness samples had higher contents of dietary fiber than the overripe fruit samples and immature fruit samples.The perisperms from G.japonica var.delavayi at immature fruit samples contents of protein,total sugar and dietary fiber were 4.53%,6.80%and 0.09%,respectively,the content of total essential amino acids(EAA)was up to 793.3 mg/kg,the total amino acids(TAA)was up to 1723.20 mg/kg,and the EAA/TAA was up to 0.46.The total amount of mineral elements at immature fruit samples was perisperms from G.japonica var.delavayi 12908.42 mg/kg,which was much higher than complete ripeness samples and overripe fruit samples.In summary,the best picking period of the perisperms from G.japonica var.delavayi was at immature fruit based on the analysis results of the perisperms appearance and nutrient content.Immature fruit had become an ideal picking fruit for perisperms from G.japonica var.delavayi in Lianghe.

关 键 词：滇皂角米 发育成熟过程 营养物质 含量变化 

分 类 号：S789[农业科学—林学] R151.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]