论数字时代刑事证据的三元结构  

On the Ternary Structure of Criminal Evidence in the Digital Age

作　　者：胡铭 Hu Ming

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《中外法学》2025年第1期45-64,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大专项“社会主义法治建设实践与中国自主法学知识体系建构研究”(项目编号:2023JZDZ012);最高人民检察院检察理论研究重点课题“数字检察发展趋势和运行规律研究”(项目编号:GJ2024B11)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着数字技术的发展,数字空间正在逐步“侵蚀”现实空间。刑事证据也因此面临从传统二元结构向三元结构转移之趋势。传统二元结构下,言词证据与实物证据二分,口供被视为证据之王;新二元结构下,传统证据与电子数据二分,数字证据成为新的证据之王。证据生成空间的数字化形成了数字证据,证据移送、审查空间的数字化形成了传统证据数字化,传统证据、传统证据数字化、数字证据并存呈现出新的三元结构,这会对现行证据审查原则、规则等造成颠覆性影响。在此背景下,刑事证据法有必要通过专门立法构建起稳定的体系框架,并以证据真实性、关联性、合法性为基础,梳理三元证据审查的共性规则和差异性规则,通过传统证据、传统证据数字化和数字证据的协调发展来形塑数字时代的刑事证据体系。With the development of digital technology, the digital space is gradually “eroding” the real space. Therefore, criminal evidence is facing the trend of shifting from traditional binary structure to ternary structure. Under the traditional binary structure, verbal evidence and physical evidence are divided, and confession is regarded as the king of evidence. Under the new binary structure, traditional evidence and electronic data are divided, and digital evidence becomes the new king of evidence. The digitalization of evidence generation space forms digital evidence, and the digitalization of evidence transfer and review space forms the digitalization of traditional evidence. The coexistence of traditional evidence, traditional evidence digitization and digital evidence presents a new ternary structure, which will have a subversive impact on the existing evidence review principles and rules. In this context, it is necessary for criminal evidence law to build a stable system framework through special legislation, and on the basis of evidence authenticity, relevance and legitimacy, combing ternary evidence review common rules and difference rules, through the traditional evidence, traditional evidence digitization and digital evidence to shape the criminal evidence system of digital age.

关 键 词：传统证据数字化 数字证据 三元结构 刑事证据法 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]