环状RNA的功能及其在牙周炎中的研究进展  

Research progress on circular RNA in periodontitis

作　　者：何毅 韩曜岭 余东升[1] HE Yi;HAN Yaoling;YU Dongsheng(Hospital of Stoma-tology,Guanghua School of Stomatology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology,Guangzhou 510055,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属口腔医院光华口腔医学院广东省口腔重点实验室,广东广州510055

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2025年第3期252-259,共8页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82073378、82373255);广东省科技创新战略专项资金项目(pdjh2024b017)。

摘　　要：牙周炎是一种由菌斑生物膜引起,可造成牙周支持组织(包括牙龈、牙周膜、牙槽骨、牙骨质)不可逆的病理性破坏的慢性炎症性疾病,严重时可导致牙齿松动和脱落。目前,牙周炎的发病机理尚未完全阐明,其早期诊断和治疗方法尚需进一步研究。环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)曾被误认为是生物体内的“剪接噪声”,随着高通量测序技术和生物信息学的发展,逐渐受到关注。CircRNAs是一种缺乏5'端帽子和3'端poly(A)尾部的新型非编码RNA,具有独特的共价闭合环状结构,具有表达高、半衰期长,耐核酸酶降解等特点。它具有可作为microRNAs(miRNAs)的“分子海绵”,与RNA结合蛋白相互作用,调节剪接以及编码多肽等生物学功能,已成为研究热点。近些年来,circRNAs被报道参与牙周炎的发生和发展,影响牙周炎疾病的预后,可作为牙周炎治疗的潜在靶点。本文首先阐述了circRNAs的生物学功能,进一步通过阐述circRNAs参与牙周炎的发生进程、牙周稳态的调节、牙周免疫微环境的调控等方面归纳circRNAs与牙周病之间的关系,发现circRNAs可通过影响牙周组织中牙周韧带干细胞、牙龈成纤维细胞等重要细胞的程序性细胞死亡过程参与牙周稳态的调节,还可通过影响免疫细胞或细胞因子等调控牙周免疫微环境。本文主要围绕circRNAs与牙周炎的关系以及最新研究进展进行归纳总结,以期为改善牙周病的诊断、治疗和预测结果提供新的思路。Periodontitis,a chronic inflammatory disease caused by plaque biofilm,is characterized by the irrevers-ible pathological destruction of periodontal supporting tissues,including gums,periodontal membranes,alveolar bone,and cementum,resulting in tooth loosening and dislocation in severe cases.Currently,research on the pathogenesis,ear-ly diagnosis,and treatment of periodontitis is limited.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),previously considered“splicing noise”,have gained increasing research attention with the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics.CircRNAs are non-coding RNAs lacking a 5'cap and 3'poly(A)tail,with a unique covalently closed ring structure,high expression,long half-life,and resistance to nuclease degradation,which can regulate splicing,en-code proteins,and act as microRNA and RNA-binding protein sponges.In recent years,circRNAs have been reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of periodontitis,suggesting its potential role as a therapeutic target for periodontitis treatment.In this study,we described the biological function of circRNAs and their role in the develop-ment of periodontitis and the regulation of periodontal homeostasis and immune microenvironment.We found that cir-cRNAs affect periodontal homeostasis and immune microenvironment by regulating the apoptosis of periodontal tissue cells(such as periodontal ligament stem cells and gingival fibroblasts)and regulating immune cells or cytokines,respec-tively.This review article summarizes the latest research progress on the association between circRNAs and periodonti-tis to provide a scientific basis for the development of novel diagnostic,therapeutic,and prognostic strategies for peri-odontitis.

关 键 词：环状RNA 牙周炎 炎症 菌斑生物膜 海绵吸附 RNA结合蛋白 转录调控 牙周稳态 免疫调控 牙周膜间充质干细胞 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]