“政产学用”如何驱动“卡脖子”技术的双核创新——基于华中数控的纵向案例研究  

How Does“Government-Industry-University-User”Drive the Dual-core Innovation of“Stuck Neck”Technology?Based on Longitudinal Case Study of Huazhong Numerical Control

作　　者：贺远琼[1,2] 刘路明 田志龙[1] 陈吉红[3,4,5] He Yuanqiong;Liu Luming;Tian Zhilong;Chen Jihong(School of management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;Research Center for High Quality Development of Manufacturing Industry;School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学管理学院 [2]华中科技大学制造业高质量发展研究中心(湖北省高校人文社科重点研究基地) [3]华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院 [4]武汉华中数控股份有限公司 [5]武汉华中数控股份有限公司国家数控系统工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2025年第2期16-29,共14页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72272058、71772074);中央高校基本科研业务费(2022WKZDJC002)资助。

摘　　要：数控机床作为“工业母机”,是现代制造业的核心基础产业。我国在数控机床核心零部件和高端数控系统方面面临严峻的技术封锁。如何攻克“卡脖子”技术、提升国产数控机床竞争力,成为学术界和企业界的重点议题。本文以武汉华中数控股份有限公司(以下简称华中数控)为典型案例,构建了“政产学用”合作主体驱动技术与市场双核创新的机制模型。研究发现,案例企业的“卡脖子”技术突破包括技术与市场的双核创新,技术创新经历“基础技术积累→基础技术升级→技术集成化→技术生态化”四个阶段,市场创新经历“市场储备→侧翼进攻→正面竞争→多点竞争”的演变过程。在双核创新过程中,“政产学用”各主体发挥着重要的驱动作用,呈现出“学→产→政→用”的关键作用主体演变路径。研究丰富了“政产学用”协同创新模式和技术与市场创新的学术成果,为我国“卡脖子”技术攻关提供了重要启示。Machine tools,often termed the“machines that make machines,”are the foundational equipment of the machinery manufacturing industry and are also known as“industrial mother machines”or“tool machines”.The precision,dimensions,and longevity of machine tools are critical indicators of a country's industrial manufacturing capabilities and value.With the growth of the national economy,particularly the increasing demand for high-level industrial equipment driven by the manufacturing sector,the technological requirements for machine tools have become increasingly stringent.The manufacturing capacity of machine tools directly reflects a country’s overall industrial strength.In particular,high-end CNC machine tools have become indispensable core equipment in modern manufacturing and are rightfully regarded as national strategic assets.However,China faces dual“stuck neck”risks—both technological and market-related—in its pursuit of producing high-end CNC machine tools.From a technological perspective,China confronts both internal and external constraints.Internally,limitations in basic materials science and processing technologies have resulted in a heavy reliance on foreign products for key core components required in high-end CNC machine tools.These components include servo systems,motors,control chips,spindle drives,lead screws,guide rails,tools,and bearings.Moreover,the R&D system within China`s machine tool industry has been significantly weakened over time.The restructuring of research institutions in 1999 and the market-driven reform of many machine tool research institutions dismantled the original technical foundation and R&D system.This shift marginalized basic research and severely undermined the industry`s ability to independently develop core technologies and address critical technological challenges.For example,the Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute`s collaboration with Japan`s FANUC to establish a joint venture gradually replaced domestic CNC technology with Japanese technology,leadi

关 键 词：数控机床 “卡脖子”技术 “政产学用”合作主体 技术创新 市场创新 

分 类 号：TG6[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]