宋代诗话女性叙事的性别伦理与话语权力  

Gender Ethics and Discourse Power in Female Narrative in the Song Dynasty Poetry Talks

作　　者：周萌 ZHOU Meng

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第2期138-148,共11页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

摘　　要：女性叙事是伦理落地不可或缺的一端,但在男性主导话语权并身兼叙述者的时代背景下,传统文本不可避免带有浓厚的男权意识。宋代诗话女性叙事看似散乱无章,实则是这种主流观念的诗学再现,并汇集为正统伦理、性别权力、美学臆想三类话语。从正统伦理话语来说,宋代诗话接续重申“红颜祸国论”的错误论调,甚至给传统儒家女性伦理再次加码,却未合理定位知名女性业已取得的成就。从性别权力话语来说,宋代诗话通过个人品性、家庭伦理、文学身份、社会身份诸方面的异质同构,建立起一套维护男权的规训系统,旨在实现既有伦理对社会生活的全方位渗透。从美学臆想话语来说,宋代诗话秉承传统文学固有的志怪传统,通过异于常态的神怪女性叙事展现士人的心灵构建,也反映出他们某些不便明言的道德潜意识。这些叙事展示出对女性道德训诫与伦理约束的理论意图,以及把现实规范与文学想象融为一体的男权空间拓展,使得宋代女性的道德地位及实际话语权比唐代更为弱化。当然,宋代诗话着力展现女性情感世界和内心体验,使中国叙事更富温情特质及人文关怀,也更具人情味和共鸣力,有利于深化受众的感性投射与知性理解。同时,宋代诗话细致呈现女性多样化的人生轨迹及伦理判断,突破往常对女性的定势思维,使中国叙事跳出传统范式的限制,开拓新的表现空间,造就新的文学活力。这不仅为宋代伦理的向内深化提供了典型侧面,也为宋代文学的伦理阐释提供了案例支撑。Female narration is an indispensable aspect of ethical implementation,but in the context of male dominated discourse and narrators,traditional texts inevitably carry a strong sense of male chauvinism.The female narrative in Song Dynasty poetry talks may seem scattered and disorganized.But in reality,it is a poetic representation of this mainstream concept,which is gathered into three categories of discourse,which is orthodox ethics,gender power,and aesthetic imagination.From the perspective of orthodox ethical discourse,the poetry talks of the Song Dynasty reiterate the erroneous argument of“beauty brings disaster to the country”,and even reinforces traditional Confucian women’s ethics,without properly positioning the achievements already made by well-known women.From the perspective of gender power discourse,Song Dynasty poetry talks established a set of rules and regulations to maintain male dominance through the heterogeneity and isomorphism of personal character,family ethics,literary identity,and social identity,which achieving the all-round penetration of existing ethics into social life.From the perspective of aesthetic imagination,the poetry talks of the Song Dynasty adhered to the inherent supernatural tradition of traditional literature,showcasing the spiritual construction of scholars through fairy and female ghost that were different from conventional ones,and also reflecting some of their moral subconsciousness that was inconvenient to directly express.It not only provides a typical aspect for the inward deepening of ethics in the Song Dynasty,but also provides case support for the ethical interpretation of Song literature.

关 键 词：宋代诗话 女性叙事 儒家伦理话语 性别权力 

分 类 号：I206.09[文学—中国文学]