施氮缓解旱地马铃薯花后高温早衰的抗氧化特性研究  

Antioxidant Characterization of Nitrogen Application for Mitigating Potato Senescence Post-Flowering Under High Temperature Stress

作　　者：苏明 李翻过 洪自强 周甜 柳强娟 班文慧 吴宏亮[1] 康建宏[1] SU Ming;LI FanGuo;HONG ZiQiang;ZHOU Tian;LIU QiangJuan;BAN WenHui;WU HongLiang;KANG JianHong(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第4期660-675,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860336);宁夏自然科学基金(2019AAC03065);宁夏粮食作物种质创制与生长调控科技创新(2022BSB03109)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明高温胁迫下施氮对宁夏南部山区旱地马铃薯抗氧化特性的影响机制,阐明氮素对其的调控机理,为当地制定有利缓解高温胁迫的施氮措施提供参考。【方法】于2020—2021年在宁夏回族自治区海原县大嘴村开展2年田间原位试验,采用裂区试验设计,共设4个施氮水平为主区,分别为0(N0)、75 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)、150 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)和225kg·hm^(-2)(N3),同时以2个温度梯度为副区,分别为(35±2)℃(HT)和(30±2)℃(CK)。分析花后高温胁迫对马铃薯叶面积指数(LAI)、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、抗氧化特性、膜脂过氧化产物及非酶保护性物质的影响。【结果】2年结果表明,氮、温互作条件下马铃薯LAI、SPAD值、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)在花后30—35 d均呈现下降趋势;同时,马铃薯叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量(MDA)和脯氨酸含量(Pro)呈现上升趋势。以花后35 d为例,高温胁迫后,马铃薯LAI较常温下降11.22%—21.20%,SPAD下降23.29%—26.05%,SOD下降12.27%—16.87%,POD下降13.69%—17.71%和CAT下降13.80%—18.39%;而细胞膜透性、MDA含量和Pro含量上升明显。同时高温胁迫后,N2处理下(150 kg·hm^(-2))较其他处理显著增加LAI和SPAD,且SOD、POD、CAT以及产量均达到最高,N2还可通过降低细胞膜透性和MDA含量以达到缓解高温危害并提高马铃薯产量的目的。进一步探寻马铃薯产量和施氮量之间的相互关系发现产量与施氮量之间呈现二次函数关系,进而得出相应的参数值推算出经济最佳施氮量为132—142kg·hm^(-2)(HT)和185—210 kg·hm^(-2)(CK)。Pearson相关性分析表明,在高温胁迫下,产量只与叶片的LAI、POD、CAT达到显著正向相关,与MDA、Pro呈显著负相关,而与SOD、SPAD和细胞膜透性未达到显著水平。同时通过主成分分析发现,2年高温胁迫后,不同施氮水平综合得分均表现为N2>N3>N1>N0。【结论】西北天然干旱逆境条�【Objective】In order to explore the mechanism of nitrogen application under high temperature on the antioxidant characteristics of dryland potato in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia,and to elucidate the mechanism of nitrogen regulation,so as to provide the reference for the local development of nitrogen application measures favorable to alleviate high temperature stress.【Method】A 2-year field in situ experiment was conducted in Dazui Village,Haiyuan County,Ningxia,from 2020 to 2021,using a split-zone experimental design with four N application levels as the main zones,namely 0(N0),75 kg·hm^(-2)(N1),150 kg·hm^(-2)(N2),and 225 kg·hm^(-2)(N3),and two temperature gradients as the sub-zones,namely(35±2)℃(HT)and(30±2)℃(CK).The effects of post-flowering high temperature stress on potato leaf area index(LAI),relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),antioxidant properties,membrane lipid peroxidation products and non-enzymatic protective substances were analyzed.【Result】The 2-year results showed that potato LAI,SPAD,superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)showed a decreasing trend from 30d-35d after flowering under the nitrogen fertilizer×temperature intercropping condition;at the same time,the cell membrane permeability,malondialdehyde content(MDA)and proline content(Pro)of potato leaves showed an increasing trend.Taking 35d after flowering as an example,after high temperature stress,potato LAI decreased by 11.22%-21.20%,SPAD decreased by 23.29%-26.05%,SOD decreased by 12.27%-16.87%,POD decreased by 13.69%-17.71%and CAT decreased by 13.80%-18.39%compared with room temperature;while cell membrane permeability,MDA content and Pro content increased significantly.Meanwhile,after high temperature stress,LAI and SPAD were significantly increased,while SOD,POD,CAT as well as yield reached the highest under N2 treatment(150 kg·hm^(-2))compared with other treatments and N2 could also reduce cell membrane permeability and MDA content to alleviate high temperature hazards and increase potato

关 键 词：马铃薯 施氮量 高温胁迫 生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]