汽车轻量化技术研究现状及展望  

Status and prospect of automobile lightweight technology

作　　者：徐世伟 纪志康 肖培杰 袁泉 袁秋奇 刘瑜[1,3,4] 李君鸿 李可维 李建宇 曾卓然 肖志 何聪[1,3,4] XU Shiwei;JI Zhikang;XIAO Peijie;YUAN Quan;YUAN Qiuqi;LIU Yu;LI Junhong;LI Kewei;LI Jianyu;ZENG Zhuoran;XIAO Zhi;HE Cong(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Suzhou Research Institute of Hunan University,Suzhou 215100,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室,长沙410082 [2]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙410082 [3]湖南大学苏州研究院,苏州215100 [4]湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2025年第1期16-31,共16页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4300101);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22A20187);长三角科技创新共同体联合攻关基础研究项目(2024CSJZN1500);湖南大学整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室开放基金(32465004)。

摘　　要：随着中国汽车工业的迅速发展和汽车保有量的急速增长,所引起的能源危机、环境污染和交通安全等矛盾日益凸显。汽车轻量化技术是解决该矛盾的有效途径之一。该文介绍了汽车轻量化技术的研究现状,并对各项轻量化技术的发展进行了展望。采用轻量化材料、优化结构设计和新型先进制造工艺是汽车轻量化的3大有效途径。轻量化材料主要涵盖超高强度钢、铝合金、镁合金等金属材料和高分子材料、复合材料等非金属材料;结构设计优化包括整车或零部件结构的拓扑优化、形状优化、尺寸优化以及多学科设计优化;先进制造工艺包括焊接、铆接等同种/异种材料连接技术和一体压铸等材料成型技术。轻量化技术的发展对中国汽车交通行业的发展具有重要意义。With the rapid advancement of China's automobile industry and the swift increase in car ownership,the challenges posed by energy crisis,environmental pollution and traffic safety have become increasingly pronounced.Automobile lightweight technology is one of the most effective solutions to these issues.This paper reviews the current research status of automobile lightweight technology,and explores its future development prospects.Three primary approaches to achieving automotive lightweighting are identified:the utilization of lightweight materials,structural design optimization and advanced manufacturing processes.Lightweight materials mainly encompass ultra-high strength steel,aluminum alloy,magnesium alloy and other metallic materials,as well as polymer materials,composite materials,and other non-metallic materials.Structural design optimization involves topology optimization,shape optimization,size optimization and multidisciplinary design optimization for both whole vehicles and individual components.Advanced manufacturing processes include welding,riveting,similar/dissimilar material joining techniques and integrated die casting and other material forming technologies.The progression of lightweight technology is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's automobile transportation industry.

关 键 词：汽车 轻量化技术 材料轻量化 结构设计优化 先进制造工艺 

分 类 号：U465[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] U466[机械工程—车辆工程]