施肥对蒙古栎开花结实的影响  

Effect of fertilization on flowering and fruiting of Quercus mongolica

作　　者：王清宇 郭雨竹 张砚辉 董泽文 王宇真 王玉涛[1,2] WANG Qingyu;GUO Yuzhu;ZHANG Yanhui;DONG Zewen;WANG Yuzhen;WANG Yutao(College of Forestry,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory for Silviculture of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China;State-owned Hada Forest Farm of Fushun Dongzhou District,Fushun 113000,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省森林培育重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161 [3]抚顺市国有东洲区哈达林场,辽宁抚顺113000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第1期112-121,180,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD2200302);辽宁省科学研究经费项目(LJKZ0688)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究施肥对蒙古栎不同类型结果枝的芽、雌雄花和结实特征的影响,为掌握蒙古栎结实规律、促进其稳定结实提供理论依据。【方法】于2021年秋季和翌年5月分2次对蒙古栎进行树冠下辐射条状施肥,分别调查蒙古栎延长枝和侧枝的顶芽、侧芽、雌雄花、坐果率以及枝条非结构碳水化合物和矿质养分变化。【结果】蒙古栎芽主要分布在1年生延长枝和侧枝上,延长枝顶芽和侧芽通常较饱满,雌花、雄花序数量较侧枝高了91.67%、135.29%,坐果率和种子百粒质量分别较侧枝高了2.47%、4.47%。施肥后蒙古栎延长枝和侧枝顶芽横、纵径显著增加,延长枝顶芽增加幅度较大,侧芽的数量和横、纵径也显著增加,延长枝和侧枝的侧芽分别增加了1.6、1.4个;蒙古栎延长枝雌花和雄花序数量较对照组显著增加了0.4个,雄花序长度增加了41.13%;侧枝雌花和雄花序数量较对照组分别增加了0.5、1.2个,雄花序长度增加了37.53%。施肥后延长枝和侧枝坐果率和结实质量也显著增加,坐果率分别增加了3.73%、4.72%,百粒质量增加了6.02%、2.56%,种子淀粉含量分别增加了11.68%、2.10%。施肥使蒙古栎延长枝在整个生长期全氮和全磷含量显著增加,全氮含量在子房膨大期增加幅度最大,为119.83%,全磷含量在橡实膨大期增加幅度最大,为79.17%,全钾含量除了在橡实膨大期和种子成熟期外也显著增加了135.96%~445.89%,开花授粉期可溶性糖含量显著增加了9.34%,侧枝可溶性糖在花期至休眠期的含量显著提高了2.60%~19.51%。【结论】蒙古栎延长枝的雌雄花发育、坐果率和种子品质都高于侧枝,施肥可以显著提高蒙古栎延长枝不同发育期全氮、全磷、全钾的含量,增加营养物质的积累,促进开花结实。【Objective】The effects of fertilization treatment on the buds,male and female flowers and fruiting characteristics of different types of fruiting branches of Q.mongolica were studied.It provides a theoretical basis for grasping the fruiting law of Q.mongolica and promoting its stable fruiting.【Method】In the autumn of 2021 and in May of the following year,the radial strip fertilization under the canopy of Q.mongolica was carried out twice.The changes of terminal buds,lateral buds,male and female flowers,fruit setting rate,non-structural carbohydrates and mineral nutrients in extended branches and lateral branches of Q.mongolica were investigated.【Result】Most of the buds of Q.mongolica were distributed on the one-year-old extended branches and lateral branches.The top buds and lateral buds of the extended branches were usually plump.The number of female flowers and male inflorescences was 91.67%and 135.29%higher than that of lateral branches.The fruit setting rate and 100-grain weight of seeds were 2.47%and 4.47%higher than that of lateral branches,respectively.After fertilization,the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the top buds of the extended branches and lateral branches of Q.mongolica increased significantly,and the top buds of the extended branches increased by a large margin.The number of lateral buds and the transverse and longitudinal diameters also increased significantly.The number of lateral buds of the extended branches and lateral branches increased by 1.6 and 1.4,respectively;the number of female flowers and male inflorescences in the extended branches of Q.mongolica increased significantly by 0.4 compared with the control group,and the length of male inflorescence increased by 41.13%.Compared with the control group,the number of female flowers and male inflorescences on lateral branches increased by 0.5 and 1.2,respectively,and the length of male inflorescence increased by 37.53%.After fertilization,the fruit setting rate and seed setting quality of the extended branches and late

关 键 词：蒙古栎 施肥 结实规律 延长枝 侧枝 淀粉 

分 类 号：S723.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]