油茶苗自动嫁接成型装置设计与工艺参数优化  

Design and processing parameter optimization of automatic grafting machine for oil tea seedling

作　　者：杨春梅[1] 单重阳 周建波 吴晓峰 张北航 李全罡 羿宏雷 李芝茹 YANG Chunmei;SHAN Chongyang;ZHOU Jianbo;WU Xiaofeng;ZHANG Beihang;LI Quangang;YI Hongei;LI Zhiru(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150006,Heilongjiang,China;Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [2]国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第2期202-215,共14页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2202100)。

摘　　要：【目的】油茶种植具有良好的经济和生态效益,在近年来得到快速发展。油茶芽苗嫁接可显著降低种植成本,已成为油茶良种苗的主要来源,但传统手工嫁接作业质量可控性较差,成本高,且现有油茶苗木嫁接装置苗木机械损伤率高,限制了其推广应用。本研究设计了一种电机驱动、苗木损伤率低的油茶苗自动嫁接成型装置从而推动油茶种植业的持续发展。【方法】本研究基于嫁接原理分析和嫁接流程确定,依据随机取样所得的砧木和穗木几何参数设计关键部件,包括夹持固定、劈切拉削和对中装置。为了验证设计的有效性,使用Abaqus软件对嫁接过程中苗木的对中进行了动力学仿真。此外,本研究还结合Design Expert软件建立了响应面和多目标优化模型,对嫁接过程中的关键参数进行了优化分析。【结论】动力学仿真结果显示,在嫁接过程中砧木的最大变形量为0.4165 mm,确定苗夹直径的尺寸为3.0~3.7 mm,对中后砧木的平均偏移量为0.0667 mm,占其轴径的2.7%,显示出良好的对中稳定性和嫁接质量保证。参数优化分析确定了对中过程的最佳嫁接速度为30.52 mm/s,最佳嫁接深度为53.55%和较佳苗木开口角度为6.89°。【结果】本研究所设计的装置采用多个电缸联合驱动实现了对油茶苗木的自动嫁接、降低了苗木对中损伤率,可为油茶产业的发展提供技术支持,也能为其他农林植物自动化嫁接装置的设计提供思路。【Objective】Oil tea cultivation offers significant economic and ecological benefits and has seen rapid growth in recent years.Traditional manual grafting of oil tea scions is costly,with low controllability of quality,while existing oil tea seedling grafting devices cause high mechanical damage to seedlings,limiting their application.This paper introduces a motor-driven automatic grafting and shaping device for oil tea seedlings with a low damage rate,propelling the continuous development of the oil tea industry.【Method】The paper is grounded on an analysis of the grafting principle and selection of the grafting process.Key components such as clamping and fixing,cutting and shaving,and a centering apparatus are formulated based on geometrical parameters obtained from random samples of rootstocks and scions.To assess the design’s validity,the Abaqus software simulates the dynamics of seedling centering during grafting.Furthermore,a response surface and a multi-objective optimization model were established using Design Expert software to optimize key parameters in the grafting process.【Conclusion】Dynamical simulation results indicated that the maximum deformation of rootstocks during grafting is 0.4165 mm,with seedling clamp diameter ranging from 3.0-3.7 mm.The average offset of rootstocks post-centering is 0.0667 mm,2.7%of their axial diameter,demonstrating the device’s excellent stability and grafting quality assurance.Optimal centering speed,grafting depth,and seedling opening angle of 30.52 mm/s,53.55%,and 6.89°were identified,respectively.【Results】The device designed in this study uses multiple electric cylinders to automate the grafting of oil tea seedlings,reducing the centering damage rate and providing technical support for the advancement of the oil tea industry.It also offers insights for the design of automated grafting devices for other agricultural and forestry plants.

关 键 词：农业机械 油茶苗嫁接 自动嫁接技术 动力学仿真 

分 类 号：S776.279[农业科学—森林工程]