有机肥替代部分化学氮肥、磷肥对春青稞干物质、养分积累分配的影响  

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter and Nutrients in Spring Highland Barley

作　　者：边巴卓玛 宋国英 刘国一 BIANBA Drolma;SONG Guoying;LIU Guoyi(Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute of Tibet,Lhasa 850032)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所,拉萨850032

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第5期69-76,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：西藏自治区重大科技专项“西藏生态保护—修复关键技术与生态文明高地建设示范”中课题“土壤面源污染防治技术研发”(XZ202201ZD0005G03);西藏自治区重点研发计划“人居环境整治与农业面源污染物防控技术研究与应用”(XZ202301ZY0002N)。

摘　　要：为有效提升肥料的利用率,本研究以青稞‘藏青2000’为供试材料,采用羊粪有机肥替代部分氮肥和磷肥进行长期定位监测,旨在探究作物干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分分配与吸收利用在不同施肥模式下的响应。结果表明,全生育期作物对氮素、钾素的吸收远大于磷素,其含氮量在苗期达到最高,为氮素积累的关键时期;含磷量、含钾量分别在分蘖期达到峰值,为磷素、钾素养分积累关键时期;在不同施肥模式下,有机减排模式(T3)和综合减排模式(T4)效果较明显。其中,有机减排模式T3(有机肥替代25%尿素+58.3%磷酸二铵)处理效果最佳,可以获得较高的干物质积累量,能显著提高籽粒和(秸秆+根部)的氮、磷、钾养分的吸收量。To improve the utilization of fertilizers effectively,spring highland barley‘Zangqing 2000’was chosen as the test material and the sheep manure was used as the organic fertilizer in this study to replace part of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.The long-term position monitoring was carried out to explore the response of crop dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient distribution and absorption under different fertilization modes.The results showed that the absorption of nitrogen and potassium by crops during the entire growth period was much greater than that of phosphorus,and their nitrogen content could reach the highest during the seedling stage,which was the critical period for nitrogen accumulation.The phosphorus and potassium content peaked at the tillering stage,which was a critical period for the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium nutrients.Under different fertilization modes,the organic emission reduction mode(T3)and the comprehensive emission reduction mode(T4)had more obvious effect.And the T3 mode(organic fertilizer replacing 25%urea+58.3%diamonium phosphate)was the optimal treatment,which could achieve higher dry matter accumulation and improve the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients in grains,straws and roots significantly.

关 键 词：肥料利用率 施肥模式 青稞 干物质积累 养分吸收 羊粪有机肥 氮肥 磷肥 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学] S158.3