赤霉素穗轴涂抹处理对葡萄果实品质的影响  

Effects of Gibberellin Rachis Smearing Treatment on Grape Fruit Quality

作　　者：王敏 韩守安[1] 谢辉[1] 刘旭鹏 麦合木提·图如普 漆颖 阿地里太·铁力克 艾尔买克·才卡斯木[1] 潘明启[1] 张雯[1] WANG Min;HAN Shou’an;XIE Hui;LIU Xupeng;TURUP Mahmood;QI Ying;TIELIKE Adilitai;CAIKASIMU Aiermaike;PAN Mingqi;ZHANG Wen(Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fruit Trees,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091;Xinjiang Tori County Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center,Tori,Xinjiang 834500)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业农村部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆托里县农产品质量安全检验检测中心,新疆托里834500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第4期44-49,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：乌鲁木齐北疆葡萄种质资源与果园生态新疆野外观测研究站(XJYWZ2307);天山英才青年拔尖人才项目“新疆葡萄产业高效栽培技术研究与示范”(2023TSYCCX0022);国家自然科学基金“不同裂果特性葡萄品种细胞壁及活性氧代谢影响裂果形成机制研究”(3226180278);新疆维吾尔自治区天山创新团队计划“新疆葡萄品质调控及优质高效生产技术研发创新团队”(2022D14014);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金“葡萄果实品质调控岗位”(CARS-29-ZP-08)。

摘　　要：研究不同浓度赤霉素(GA_(3))穗轴涂抹对国内自育葡萄品种果实品质的影响,探明赤霉素在不同葡萄品种上的适宜浓度。以‘SP522’、‘火州黑玉’、‘戈壁新秀’、‘无核翠宝’和‘瑞都脆霞’5个品种为研究对象,设置0.5、2、5 mg/L的GA_(3)溶于凡士林进行穗轴涂抹处理,以凡士林涂抹为对照(CK),分别对果实外观及品质基础指标进行测定。结果显示,在0.5 mg/L的GA_(3)处理下‘SP522’、‘火州黑玉’和‘无核翠宝’葡萄的穗形及粒重等外观指标明显提高;在2 mg/L的GA_(3)处理下,‘SP522’、‘火州黑玉’、‘瑞都脆霞’葡萄的耐拉力和硬度较大;在5 mg/L的GA_(3)处理下‘戈壁新秀’、‘瑞都脆霞’葡萄的穗重提高,‘SP522’、‘无核翠宝’和‘瑞都脆霞’葡萄的固酸比显著提高,‘无核翠宝’24 h浸泡诱导裂果率较CK降低37.38%,‘戈壁新秀’的耐拉力和硬度达到最大值。To investigate the impact of rachis smearing treatment in different concentrations of GA_(3)(gibberellic acid)on the fruit quality of five domestic self-bred grape varieties,and to determine the optimal GA_(3) concentration for each variety,an experiment was conducted to provide practical guidance for practical production.The five grape varieties were‘SP522’,‘Huozhou Heiyu’,‘Gebi Xinxiu’,‘Wuhe Cuibao’,and‘Ruidu Cuixia’.Rachis of these grapes were smeared in petroleum jelly containing 0 mg/L(control),0.5 mg/L,2 mg/L,and 5 mg/L of GA_(3).The results showed that under the 0.5 mg/L GA_(3) treatment,the appearance quality indicators,cluster weight,and berry weight of‘SP522’,‘Huozhou Heiyu’and‘Wuhe Cuibao’grapes were significantly higher than those of the control(CK)and other treatments.When treated with 2 mg/L GA_(3),the tensile strength and hardness of‘SP522’,‘Huozhou Heiyu’and‘Ruidu Cuixia’grapes reached their maximum values.The cluster weight of‘Gebi Xinxiu’and‘Ruidu Cuixia’grapes increased under the 5 mg/L GA_(3) treatment,and the solid-to-acid ratio of‘SP522’,‘Wuhe Cuibao’,and‘Ruidu Cuixia’grapes was higher than control and other treatments.Notably,under the 5 mg/L GA_(3) treatment,the fruit cracking rate of‘Wuhe Cuibao’grapes decreased by 37.38%compared to the control after soaking for 24 hours,and the tensile strength and hardness of‘Gebi Xinxiu’grapes reached their maximum.

关 键 词：葡萄 赤霉素 果实品质 穗轴施用 裂果率 硬度 自育品种 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]