国之重器如何实现复杂技术系统整体赶超——中国核电堆芯的纵向案例研究  

How the Pillars of a Great Power Achieve Overall Catch-up in Complex Technical System:A Longitudinal Case Study of China’s Nuclear Power Reactor Core

作　　者：许晖[1] 卢一斌 李阳 王冶 XU Hui;LU Yi-bin;LI Yang;WANG Ye(Business School,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071,China;China National Nuclear Corporation,Beijing,100822,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学商学院,天津300071 [2]中国核工业集团有限公司,北京100822

出　　处：《经济管理》2025年第1期24-48,共25页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“数智驱动下高科技企业场景式解决方案研究:理论模型、构建机制及市场响应性”(72272082);国家社会科学基金重大项目“智能制造关键核心技术国产替代战略与政策研究”(21&ZD132);国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国跨国企业复合式营销能力的理论模型与构建机制:基于从资源端到客户端的动态演化逻辑”(71972110)。

摘　　要：在我国国之重器的锻造征程中,核工业是为数不多在众多关键技术环节实现完全自主、绝对可控的产业之一。其中,以中国核电堆芯--177堆芯为代表的复杂技术系统在技术积累薄弱、自主创新能力缺失的艰难处境下,实现了从落后到引领的地位跃迁,走出了一条独具特色的技术突破之路。然而,学界尚未对此做出理论解释。本文基于对国之重器“华龙一号”的核心部件177堆芯研发历程的纵向剖析,探索了复杂技术系统的技术突破路径。研究发现:(1)国之重器复杂技术系统的整体突破路径具有显著的非线性与非连续性特征,历经“势能积聚-动能释放”两个过程。势能积聚表现为“技术机会识别-技术外力依附-自主技术积累”的漫长循环迭代过程,动能释放表现为“技术机会创造-技术外力脱离-引领性技术创造”的快速单向演进过程。(2)从技术轨道特征来看,自主技术轨道与外部技术轨道之间的互动关系历经从“依附”到“脱离”的转变,期间自主技术轨道与外部技术轨道之间的互动关系不断动态演化。(3)复杂技术系统通过“创新驱动要素转换-创新主导动力更替-技术体系重置”的内在机制实现由循环迭代向单向演进的技术轨道非连续性跃迁。本文形成的理论框架旨在为“国之重器”复杂技术系统技术突破以及由跟随者向领跑者的技术轨道跃迁提供理论借鉴。In the forging journey of China's"Pillars of a Great Power",the nuclear industry is one of the few industries that has achieved complete autonomy and control in key technological links.Under the difficult situation of weak technology accumulation and lack of independent innovation ability,the Complex Technical Systems represented by the"177 Core'has realized the transition from backward to leading position,and formed a unique path of technological breakthrough.However,there is a lack of theoretical explanation for the breakthrough process of nuclear core technology in China.Based on the longitudinal analysis of the technological breakthrough process of"177 core",the core component of HPR1000,this paper explores and then forms the theoretical model of the path mechanism of technological breakthrough of Complex Technical System.The research findings of this paper are as follows.First of all,the technological breakthrough path of the Complex Technical System has significant nonlinear and discontinuous characteristics,which goes through two processes of"potential energy accumulation"and"kinetic energy release""Potential energy accumulation"is a long cyclic iterative process,and"kinetic energy release"is a rapid unidirectional evolution process.Secondly,from the perspective of technological trajectory characteristics,the interactive relationship between autonomous technological trajectory and external technological trajectory has undergone a change from"attachment"to"detachment".Thirdly,the Complex Technical System realizes the non-continuous transition from circular iteration to unidirectional evolution through the internal mechanism of innovation-driven factor transformation,innovation-leading power replacement,and technology system reorientation.The main contributions of this study are reflected in the following three aspects:Firstly,this paper constructs a theoretical model of technological breakthroughs in Complex Technical System.Based on the perspective of technological trajectory theory,this paper deconstructs

关 键 词：国之重器 核电堆芯 复杂技术系统 技术轨道理论 技术突破 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]