人工智能医疗中的法律风险防范  

Legal Risk Assessment and Prevention in Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Health Care

作　　者：杨金铭 王纳 胡业勋[4] 张伟[1,2] YANG Jinming;WANG Na;HU Yexun;ZHANG Wei(West China Biomedical Big Data Center,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China;Med-X Center for Informatics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China;Department of Politics and Law,Party School of the Central Committee of CPC,Beijing 100091,China;Faculty of Law,Sichuan Provincial Party School of CPC,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院生物医学大数据研究院,成都610041 [2]四川大学“医学+信息”中心,成都610041 [3]中共中央党校政治和法律教研部,北京100091 [4]中共四川省委党校法学教研部,成都610031

出　　处：《四川大学学报(医学版)》2025年第1期143-148,共6页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：2024年四川省哲学社会科学规划项目“法治四川”专项课题(No.SC 24FZ001)资助。

摘　　要：随着大模型、生成式人工智能等新技术在医疗领域的广泛应用,人工智能医疗面临的法律风险显现出新的样态。人工智能医疗的算法歧视和数据安全问题催生了一般人格权和具体人格权侵权风险,医疗健康数据的处置与收益分配催生数据产权纠纷,人工智能技术深度嵌入后医疗损害责任亦存在归责不确定风险。基于人工智能医疗法律风险新的样态变化,需要建立相应的算法审查机制消弭算法歧视,完善数据全生命周期管理体系确保数据安全,确立数据产权分层确权授权规则化解产权纠纷,并针对医疗损害过错情形合理分配侵权责任。With the wide application of new technologies such as large language models and generative artificial intelligence(AI)in the health care sector,artificial intelligence-assisted health care is confronted with new forms of legal risks.The algorithmic bias and data security issues in AI-assisted health care have given rise to risks of infringement on general personality rights and specific personality rights.The handling of health care data and the distribution of profits from health care data have spawned disputes over data property rights.Moreover,there will also be risks of uncertainties in the attribution of liability for medical harms once AI technology becomes deeply embedded in health care.Based on the emerging changes in the legal risks associated with AI-assisted health care,it is necessary to establish a corresponding algorithm review mechanism to eliminate algorithm biases,improve the data management system through a whole-life cycle approach to ensure data security,define hierarchical data property rights and establish authorization rules to resolve property rights disputes,and reasonably assign tort liability for medical harms based on specific faults.

关 键 词：人工智能 智慧医疗 法律风险 

分 类 号：R-051[医药卫生] D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]