以电-碳市场为导向的火电成本疏导:机制设计与情境分析  

Cost allocation&transfer oriented by the electricity-carbon market for thermal power enterprises:Mechanism design and scenario analysis

作　　者：刘平阔 张英杰 LIU Pingkuo;ZHANG Yingjie(College of Economics and Management,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学经济与管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2025年第1期127-143,共17页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72103128)。

摘　　要：火电的成本疏导问题备受关注.在明确成本构成、界定“成本疏导”内涵的基础上,以供应链视角对成本疏导情境划分,建立电力供应链模型对绩效结果进行推导,通过情境对比与数值模拟进行验证.研究表明:1)若碳排放配额既定,则在电-碳市场中火电企业主动采取碳减排将更有利于扩大其利润空间;2)火电企业向下游节点为电力大用户进行成本疏导的积极性更高、经济性更强、环保性更明显,而火电企业通过下游节点电力零售企业向电力小用户进行成本疏导的效率则更依赖于有效的合作关系;3)在合作机制不健全的情况下,成本转移更有利于保障火电企业的碳减排成效与利润,但随着各级市场的不断完善,火电企业与下游节点的契约性价格折扣合作机制将更有利于成本的疏导.The cost allocation&transfer of thermal power enterprises has already attracted much attention.On the basis of clarifying the cost composition of thermal power,the concept of cost allocation&transfer is defined.From the perspective of supply chain,the cost allocation&transfer process is discussed in scenarios,and the performances of different methods and pathways in various scenarios are deduced through establishes an electricity supply chain mathematical modeling,and verified by both situational comparison and numerical simulation.The results show that:1)If the Carbon Allowance is set,the active carbon emission reduction of thermal power enterprises in the electricity-carbon market will be more conducive to expanding their profit space.2)The incentives for thermal power companies to channel costs to downstream nodes for large users of electricity are higher,more economical,and more environmentally friendly,while the efficiency of thermal power companies in channeling costs to small users of electricity through downstream nodes of electricity retailers is more dependent on effective partnerships.3)In the case of imperfect cooperation mechanism,cost transfer is more conducive to ensuring the carbon emission reduction effect and the profit of thermal power enterprises than cost sharing.With the continuous improvement of markets at all levels,however,the contractual price discount cooperation mechanism between thermal power enterprises and downstream nodes will be more conducive to cost allocation&transfer.

关 键 词：发电成本 治理成本 疏导机制 电-碳市场 情境分析 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济] F270