苯乙酮气相熏蒸抑制葡萄采后灰霉病菌的作用机理  

Mechanism of Acetophenone Fumigation to Inhibit Postharvest Botrytis cinerea in Grape

作　　者：黄伟 张苗苗 王宁[1] 詹发强[1] 刘峰娟 王苏玲 吴隆源 唐琦勇[1] 张丽娟[1] 王玮[1] HUANG Wei;ZHANG Miaomiao;WANG Ning;ZHAN Faqiang;LIU Fengjuan;WANG Suling;WU Longyuan;TANG Qiyong;ZHANG Lijuan;WANG Wei(Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology,Institute of Applied Microbiology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Food Science and Pharmacy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000,China;Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2025年第6期334-341,共8页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2023015);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2024002-10)。

摘　　要：灰霉病是葡萄采后贮藏的主要病害之一,探索苯乙酮气相熏蒸对灰霉病菌的抑制机理。当苯乙酮为最低抑菌浓度时,通过电镜观察灰葡萄孢菌丝形态和结构的变化,采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪测定灰葡萄孢脂质和脂肪酸的含量变化,同时测试苯乙酮对葡萄灰霉病的熏蒸防治效果。结果表明,苯乙酮气相熏蒸对灰葡萄孢的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentratio,MIC)为62.50μL/L。体内条件下,对照组葡萄的病斑直径为MIC苯乙酮处理组的2.58倍(P<0.05),而2×MIC苯乙酮处理组则未出现发病症状。扫描电镜和透射电镜观察到灰葡萄孢受苯乙酮熏蒸后,其菌丝形态表面粗糙,出现干瘪、皱缩的现象,细胞内出现空腔,细胞质基质减少,局部伴有质壁分离现象,而对照组形态和结构则正常。与对照组相比,经苯乙酮气相熏蒸后,灰葡萄孢脂质中神经酰胺类(Cer)显著上调,而磷脂类(PE、LBPA、PS、CL、PA)等显著下调。经KEGG Pathway显著性富集分析差异极显著的通路为AGE-RAGE信号通路和鞘脂代谢。苯乙酮气相熏蒸处理组与对照组差异脂肪酸为22个,上调和下调脂肪酸分别为10个和12个。苯乙酮气相熏蒸能够破坏灰葡萄孢的形态和结构,通过影响其鞘脂代谢和脂肪酸进而控制脂质合成,体内和体外条件下均表现出抑制灰葡萄孢的生长,本研究为研制熏蒸剂应用于葡萄采后灰霉病的防治提供了理论依据。Gray mold is one of the main diseases in postharvest storage of grape.To explore the inhibition mechanism of acetophenone fumigation on Botrytis cinerea.When acetophenone was the lowest fungistatic concentration,the morphology and structure of the hypha of B.cinerea were observed by electron microscope.The contents of lipid and fatty acid of B.cinerea were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the fumigation control effect of acetophenone on B.cinerea was also tested.The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentratio(MIC)of acetophenone fumigation for B.cinerea was 62.50μL/L.In vivo,the lesion diameter of the control group was 2.58 times that of the MIC acetophenone treatment group(P<0.05),while no symptoms were observed in the 2×MIC acetophenone treatment group.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)showed that the mycelial morphology of B.cinerea fumigated with acetophenone was rough,shrimpy,empty cell,reduced cytoplasmic matrix,and local plasmic wall separation.The morphology and structure of the control group were normal.Compared with the control group,after acetophenone fumigation,the levels of Cer in the lipids were significantly up-regulated,while the levels of phospholipids(PE,LBPA,PS,CL,PA)were significantly down regulated.According to the KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis,the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism showed significant differences.There were 22 different fatty acids between the acetophenone fumigation group and the control group,10 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated fatty acids,respectively.Acetophenone fumigation can destroy the morphology and structure of B.cinerea,control lipid synthesis by affecting sphingolipid metabolism and fatty acids,and inhibit the growth of B.cinerea both in vivo and in vitro.This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of fumigants for the control of postharvest gray mold in grape.

关 键 词：苯乙酮 葡萄 气相熏蒸 灰葡萄孢 抑制机理 

分 类 号：TS255.36[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]