辣椒采后炭疽病侵染规律及植物精油防治研究  

Study on infection pattern and plant essential oil control of anthracnose in postharvest pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)

作　　者：徐久露 张禾禾 张蕙芸 王洁 陈秀梅 车金鑫 XU Jiulu;ZHANG Hehe;ZHANG Huiyun;WANG Jie;CHEN Xiumei;CHE Jinxin(College of Chemical Engineering,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学化工学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期86-96,共11页Journal of Xiangtan University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32302183);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210530020);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0179);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2023JJ30581)。

摘　　要：探究辣椒采后炭疽病侵染规律及5种植物精油对炭疽病菌的抑菌性能,为辣椒采后炭疽病病害发生与防控提供参考.该文以湖南本地辣椒分离出的斯高威尔炭疽菌(Colletotrichum scovillei)为样本,通过对其生物学特性和侵染过程的研究揭示炭疽菌发病规律,并通过测定5种植物精油的抑菌性能,筛选出可有效防治辣椒炭疽病的天然抑菌剂.实验结果表明,潜伏在健康辣椒果实上的炭疽菌孢子可在辣椒采后对其进行侵染;无伤条件下,果柄和果蒂处的孢子24 h开始萌发,果身处的孢子72 h开始萌发;有伤条件下,果柄和果蒂处的孢子12 h开始萌发,果身处的孢子24 h开始萌发;气孔处的孢子萌发速率与气孔外孢子萌发速率无明显差别;香芹酚、丁香酚、反式-2-己烯醛、柠檬醛、枯茗醛5种植物精油对炭疽菌的生长均有一定的抑制作用,其中香芹酚的抑菌效果最好,2.00μL·mL^(-1)香芹酚能有效抑制辣椒炭疽病发生.该研究表明炭疽菌不需要通过气孔可直接对采后辣椒进行侵染,果实上的伤口可加快该菌的侵染,且果柄和果蒂的发病速度快于果身.香芹酚能有效抑制炭疽菌的生长,可用于辣椒采后炭疽病的防治.The infection pattern of pepper postharvest anthracnose and the antibacterial activities of five plant essential oils against Colletotrichum scovillei(C.scovillei)were explored to provide references for the occurrence and prevention of pepper postharvest anthracnose.Taking C.scovillei isolated from Hunan local pepper as a sample,we revealed the pathogenesis of anthracnose through the study of its biological characteristics and the process of infestation,and screened out the natural bacteriostatic agents that could effectively prevent and control pepper anthracnose by determining the bacteriostatic properties of five kinds of natural plant essential oils.The experimental results indicate that the conidium of C.scovillei lurking on healthy pepper fruits could infect pepper after harvest,and the infection structure formed by conidium germination directly penetrated the fruit surface and invaded the fruit surface.Under the condition of pepper fruit without wound,the conidium at the fruit stalk and peduncle began to germinate at 24 h,and the conidium at the fruit body began to germinate at 72 h.Under the condition of pepper fruit wound,the conidium at the fruit stalk and peduncle began to germinate at 12 h,and the conidium at the fruit body began to germinate at 24 h.There was no significant difference between the conidium germination rate at pore and that outside pore.Five plant essential oils,carvacrol,eugenol,trans-2-hexenal,citral,and cuminaldehyde,had certain inhibitory effect on the growth of C.scovillei.Carvacrol had the best bacteriostatic effect,and the carvacrol treatment of 2.00μL·mL^(-1) could effectively inhibit the growth of C.scovillei.Our results indicated that the wounding or pore were not required for infection of pepper fruit by C.scovillei,though it could facilitate infections,and the incidence of fruit stalk and peduncle was faster than that of fruit body.Carvacrol could effectively inhibit the growth of C.scovillei and could be used for the control of anthracnose disease in postharvest pepper.

关 键 词：青椒 炭疽菌 生物学特性 侵染规律 天然抑菌剂 

分 类 号：Q939.92[生物学—微生物学]