残余空间最小化的启发式在线三维装箱策略研究  

Research on Heuristic Online 3D Packing Strategy with Minimal Residual Space

作　　者：张晓龙[1] 钟珑昕 徐智浩 李堉明 李惟骞 张檠 ZHANG Xiaolong;ZHONG Longxin;XU Zhihao;LI Yuming;LI Weiqian;ZHANG Qing(Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming Yunnan 650500,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology,Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou Guangdong 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]广东省科学院智能制造研究所,广东省现代控制技术重点实验室,广东广州510000

出　　处：《机床与液压》2025年第2期197-201,共5页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(62003102);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U2102213);东莞市重点领域研发项目(20201200300062)。

摘　　要：为了实现多箱型货物的实时装箱,且最大化利用装载货物空间,提出一种考虑缓存区的在线启发式装箱算法。结合实际装箱过程中货物的尺寸约束、相交约束、装载顺序约束以及稳定性约束,提出一种名为残余空间的适应度指标来评估缓存区内货物以及位姿的适应值,以此寻求最优的在线装箱方案。为了验证算法的有效性,基于Unity3D搭建了仿真实验平台并进行实验。结果表明:该算法空间利用率平均达到64%左右,引入残余空间这一适应度指标使装箱的空间利用率提升了约10%。In order to achieve real-time packing of multi-container goods while maximizing the utilization of loading space,an online heuristic packing algorithm was proposed considering the buffer zone.The size constraints,intersection constraints,loading sequence constraints and stability constraints of goods in the actual packing process were taken into account,and a fitness index called residual space was proposed to evaluate fitness value of the goods and posture in the buffer zone,thus achieving the optimal online packing strategy.To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm,a simulation experiment platform based on Unity3D was developed and the experiment was conducted.The results show that the algorithm has good effects in real-time packing of multi-container goods,attaining an average loading space utilization rate of about 64%.Additionally,the utilization rate of packing space is improved 10%by introducing residual space fitness index.

关 键 词：多箱型三维装箱 在线装箱 启发式算法 三维可视化 

分 类 号：TP23[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]