体育的国家认同建构维度研究——基于美国的考察及启示  

A Study on the Dimensions of National Identity Construction Through Sports:Insights from the United States and Its Implications

作　　者：杨清琼 陈雪雁 王斌[1] YANG Qingqiong;CHEN Xueyan;WANG Bin(School of Physical Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,Yunan China;School of Liberal Arts,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,Yunan China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学体育学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南师范大学文学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2024年第12期145-156,共12页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“美国体育的国家认同启示与铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究”(项目编号:21BTY119)。

摘　　要：民族-国家思维模式是现代国家自我认同和自我建构的根基之一,强化国家认同乃是全球化和多元文化主义背景下民族-国家建构的关键所在。美国是多种族群文化并存发展的国家,在全球化和多元文化及其与国家认同的复杂博弈中其经验与教训颇资参照。国家认同的建构涉及各类途径,体育亦是其中重要一环。中国体育在“两个结合”的指导下,批判性地借鉴美国体育参与美国国家认同建构的方案,对强化体育铸牢中华民族共同体意识的路径建设具有重要的启示意义。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对体育的国家认同建构维度进行研究,研究发现:体育的国家认同建构有对象、政治、时间及空间4个维度。美国体育的对象维度包含熔炼具有阳刚之气的国民、生成美国化的移民、塑造拥有美国梦的公民;政治维度涉及美国体育中的国家隐喻、阶级投射、国际话语权建构;时间维度聚焦美国体育的传统、仪式、符号、集体记忆、国家英雄;空间维度指美国体育的跨区域民族融合及全球化背景下的体育国家认同。据此生成对我国体育在对象、政治、时间及空间4个维度上参与国家认同建构的启示,从而勾勒出体育铸牢中华民族共同体意识的线索。The nation-state mindset serves as one of the fundamental pillars for modern states'self-identification and self-construction.Strengthening national identity is central to nation-state construction in the context of globalization and multiculturalism.The United States is a country of where multiple ethnic group cultures coexist and develop,and its experiences and lessons in the complex interplay between globalization,multiculturalism,and national identity provide valuable references.The construction of national identity involves various approaches,with sports playing a significant role among them.Under the guidance of the principle of“Two Combinations”,Chinese sports critically draws upon the American approach to utilizing sports in national identity construction,which provides significant implications for developing pathways to strengthen the consciousness of the Chinese National Community through sports.Through literature review and logical analysis,this study examines the dimensions of national identity construction through sports.The findings reveal four dimensions of national identity construction through sports:object,political,temporal,and spatial.The object dimension of American sports includes cultivating nationals with masculinity,educating Americanized immigrants,and creating citizens with the American Dream.The political dimension concerns the national metaphors,class projections,and the international discourse power construction of American sports.The temporal dimension focuses on traditions,rituals,symbols,collective memories,and national heroes in American sports.The spatial dimension refers to cross-regional ethnic integration facilitated by American sports and sports-based national identity in the context of globalization.Based on these findings,insights are generated for Chinese sports to participate in national identity construction across these four dimensions,thereby delineating the pathways to forge the Chinese National Community Consciousness.

关 键 词：美国体育 国家认同 认同建构 中国体育 中华民族共同体意识 

分 类 号：G817.12[文化科学—体育学] G812