空间X射线、极紫外、远紫外波段光学技术及应用(特邀)  

Space Optical Technology in X-ray,Extreme Ultraviolet,and Far Ultraviolet Regions and Its Applications(Invited)

作　　者：王孝东[1] 龚博文 王彭[1] 郭权锋[1] 何玲平[1] 刘世界[1] 宋克非[1] 陈波[1] Wang Xiaodong;Gong Bowen;Wang Peng;Guo Quanfeng;He Lingping;Liu Shijie;Song Kefei;Chen Bo(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第24期11-22,共12页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1531106,U1631117,U1731114,U1931118,U2031122,12273040)。

摘　　要：空间X射线、极紫外、远紫外波段光学技术是太阳、空间环境监测的有效手段之一,利用该波段成像和光谱监测技术:一方面可监测太阳耀斑爆发、磁场爆发和日冕物质抛射等对地球空间环境影响最大的太阳活动现象,预报和预警太阳变化;另一方面可监测地球磁层、等离子体层和电离层乃至高层大气的变化和分布,预报和预警空间环境。简要回顾国际和我国该波段空间载荷的发展,重点介绍中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所在该波段的光学技术研究进展及其在空间环境监测中的应用。Significance With the development of aerospace technologies and the widespread adoption of communication and navigation systems,accurate and timely space weather forecasting has become increasingly urgent to mitigate the influence of catastrophic space weather events on human activities.Since the 1970s,space weather has been actively studied and applied.Many observational instruments have been developed to monitor solar activity and space environment variations.In particular,a series of space payloads have been developed for the extremely sensitive wavebands of Xray,extreme ultraviolet(EUV),and far ultraviolet(FUV)to monitor changes in the Sun and the terrestrial space environment.Since the 1980s,several key technological breakthroughs have been achieved at Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CIOMP),including optical elements,singlephotoncounting imaging detectors,and radiometry for Xray,EUV,and FUV regions.A number of optical elements and detectors have been fabricated,and calibrations are applied to space payloads.Progress EUV multilayer mirrors have been fabricated with working wavelengths including 9.4,17.1,19.5,21.1,and 30.4 nm,with reflectance of 28%,45%,35%,38%,and 38%,respectively[Fig.1(a)].Broadband,aperiodic FUV LaF3/MgF2 multilayer mirrors have also been prepared,with a working wavelength range of 140‒180 nm and an inband average reflectance of 45%.These mirrors also exhibit good outofband reflectance suppression[Fig.1(b)].For observing weak EUV and FUV targets,a singlephotoncounting imaging detector with a spherical photosensitive surface and excellent adaptability to space environments has been developed.This includes key technological advancements such as the fabrication of spherical microchannel plates,the carving of microstrip anodes,and the processing of weak optoelectronic pulse signals.The detector has an equivalent pixel size of 45μm,a counting rate of 3.5×105 s-1,an effective aperture ofФ75 mm,and approximately 1600×1600 equivalent pixels

关 键 词：X射线 极紫外 远紫外 空间光学技术 空间天气 

分 类 号：O434[机械工程—光学工程]