基于GA-BP的三坐标钻高速电主轴热误差建模研究  

Research on the Thermal Error Modeling Method for High-Speed Electric Spindle of Three-Coordinate Drilling Machine Based on GA-BP

作　　者：梁林 张栋[2,3] 白永康 周浩光 LIANG Lin;ZHANG Dong;BAI Yongkang;ZHOU Haoguang(School of Mechanical Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan Shanxi 030051,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan Shanxi 030051,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology in Harsh Environment,Taiyuan Shanxi 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学机械工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]中北大学航空宇航学院,山西太原030051 [3]恶劣环境下智能装备技术山西省重点实验室,山西太原030051

出　　处：《机床与液压》2025年第3期94-100,共7页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075503)。

摘　　要：针对三坐标钻的高速电主轴非均匀温度场,提出一种基于遗传算法(GA)的BP神经网络建模方法。结合模糊聚类法和灰色关联分析法对三坐标钻高速电主轴的温度测点组合进行测量。通过分析按时间排列的电主轴温度测点序列和电主轴热误差序列,确定神经网络的输入和输出参数,从而构建GA-BP高速电主轴热误差模型;在不同的高速电主轴转速下,将GA-BP神经网络模型、多元线性回归模型以及BP神经网络模型进行对比。结果表明:GA-BP神经网络热误差模型的预测精度优于多元线性回归法和BP神经网络建模方法,GA-BP神经网络模型在10000 r/min转速下的最大均方误差为0.0673μm,在12000 r/min转速下的最大残差为1.98μm。GA-BP热误差预测模型相较其他模型具有鲁棒性强、精度高的优点,该模型可以有效提高三坐标钻的加工质量。In response to the non-uniform temperature field of the high-speed electric spindle on a three-coordinate drilling machine,a BP neural network modeling method based on genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.By integrating the fuzzy clustering method and the grey relational analysis method,the combination of temperature measurement points of the high-speed electric spindle on the three-coordinate drill machine was measured.Through the analysis of the sequence of electric spindle temperature measurement points arranged in time and the sequence of electric spindle thermal errors,the input and output parameters of the neural network were determined,thereby constructing a GA-BP high-speed electric spindle thermal error model.Meanwhile,the GA-BP neural network model,the multiple linear regression model and the BP neural network model were compared under different high-speed electric spindle speeds.The results show that the predictive accuracy of the GA-BP neural network thermal error model is superior to those of the multiple linear regression method and the BP neural network modeling method.The maximum mean square error of the GA-BP neural network model at a speed of 10000 r/min is 0.0673μm,and the maximum residual at a speed of 12000 r/min is 1.98μm.GA-BP thermal error prediction model has the advantages of robust and high accuracy over other models,which can effectively improve the machining quality of three-coordinate drill machine.

关 键 词：高速电主轴 GA-BP神经网络 热误差建模 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]