“人际互动”与“人机互动”对博士后工作幸福感影响的研究——以工作要求-资源模型为理论视角  

From“Human-human Interaction”to“Human-computer Interaction”——Research on Occupational Well-being of Postdoctors Based on the Job Demands-Resources Model

作　　者：张佳 周梦如 刘智慧 ZHANG Jia;ZHOU Mengru;LIU Zhihui

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2025年第2期89-99,I0006,共12页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度教育学重大项目“新发展阶段教育促进共同富裕研究”(VFA220003)。

摘　　要：数字赋能为学术研究带来新机遇,AI科研工具成为除导师外另一大影响博士后工作幸福感的重要因素。以工作要求-资源模型为理论视角,基于Nature“全球博士后”2023年数据库调查数据,探讨与导师的人际互动和与AI的人机互动这两种工作资源与博士后工作压力、工作幸福感之间的关系。研究发现:人际互动能够提升博士后工作幸福感,且工作压力起到负向中介作用;人机互动则会负向影响博士后的工作幸福感,且工作压力未发生有效的中介效应。建议:完善导师多样化指导制度,优化导师结构性指导效度;规范AI科学化使用,实现教育数字化轻型;建立“人际+人机”双向协路径,稳定工作幸福感。Digital empowerment in academic research presents new opportunities for academic research,and AI scientific research tools,besides their supervisors,have emerged as another crucial factor influencing the occu⁃pational well-being of postdoctoral researchers.Drawing on the job demands-resources theory and data from the 2023 Nature Post-Doctoral Survey,this study examines the relationships among two types of postdoctoral re⁃searchers’work resources,i.e.,human-human interaction with mentors and human-computer interaction with AI,their work pressure and occupational well-being.Research findings indicate that human-human interaction can improve the occupational well-being of postdoctoral researchers,with work pressure playing a negative me⁃diating role;human-computer interaction reduces the occupational well-being of postdoctoral researchers,and work pressure does not have an effective mediating effect.Through discussing postdoctoral researchers’occupa⁃tional well-being under the two types of work resources,the study analyzes the potentials and risks of artificial intelligence in educational settings,addresses the question of whether artificial intelligence can replace teach⁃ers,and offers practical implications for relevant departments and universities to improve the effective training of post-doctoral researchers.

关 键 词：博士后 工作幸福感 人际互动 人机互动 工作要求-资源模型 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]