基于重力模型与电路理论的生态网络对比研究——以济宁市为例  

A comparative study on ecological networks based on Gravity model and circuit theory:a case study of Jining City

作　　者：张乐相 柴波[2] 张岩[3] 何文清 谭秀全[3] ZHANG Lexiang;CHAI Bo;ZHANG Yan;HE Wenqing;TAN Xiuquan(Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;School of Environment,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Shandong Provincial Lunan Geology and Exploration Institute,Jining 272000,China;Geological Environment Monitoring Institute of Jiangxi Geological Survey and Exploration Institute,Nanchang 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430074 [3]山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院,济宁272000 [4]江西省地质调查勘察院地质环境监测所,南昌330000

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1684-1696,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42377186)。

摘　　要：构建生态安全格局是国土空间生态保护修复的重要内容,探讨基于多种理论的生态网络构建、关键节点识别方法并明晰其特点,创新多方法耦合的工作体系对国土空间生态保护修复具有重要意义。以济宁市为例,以济宁市自然保护地为生态源地,以陆生生物迁移特点为基础选取NDVI、坡度、地形起伏度、土地利用类型、距道路距离、距水域距离作为阻力因子,使用主成分分析方法获得权重加权叠加生成综合阻力面,运用MCR-重力模型和电路理论分别识别生态廊道(EC)、生态保护节点(EPN)、生态修复节点(ERN);使用网络闭合度、线点率、网络连接度、成本比、关键节点密度5个参数评价基于两种方法的生态网络结构差异,并对其包含的景观类型、空间分布、节点区位进行对比。研究结果如下:(1)基于MCR-重力模型共提取和识别生态廊道(EC)51条,生态保护节点(EPN)121个,生态修复节点(ERN)58个;基于电路理论共提取和识别生态廊道(EC)50条,生态保护节点(EPN)232个,生态修复节点(ERN)208个;(2)MCR-重力模型识别生态网络的结构更加复杂密闭,其生态廊道稳定性更高,电路理论在关键节点的识别中更具优势;(3)两种模型识别的生态网络所包含的景观类型相近,均以农田和林草地为主,说明发展生态农业对平原产粮区的生态安全具有重要意义,MCR-重力模型生态廊道包含更多的林地;电路理论在城镇开发边界内和非控制区内可以更好地识别生态节点,可以有效提高生物迁徙成功率。结果对济宁市国土空间生态保护修复具有指导意义。Constructing an ecological security pattern is crucial for the ecological protection and restoration of territorial spaces.Exploring the construction of ecological networks based on various theories,identifying key nodes,and clarifying their characteristics,as well as innovating a multi-method coupled work system,holds significant importance for ecological protection and restoration of territorial spaces.This paper uses Jining City as an example,taking the natural protected areas of Jining as ecological sources.Based on the migration characteristics of terrestrial organisms,factors such as NDVI,slope,terrain ruggedness,land use type,distance from roads,and distance from water bodies were selected as resistance factors.A comprehensive resistance surface was generated using a weighted overlay,which was obtained through principal component analysis.The MCR-gravity model and circuit theory were applied to identify ecological corridors(EC),ecological protection nodes(EPN),and ecological restoration nodes(ERN).Five parameters-network closure degree,line-point ratio,network connectivity,cost ratio,and key node density-were used to evaluate the differences in ecological network structures based on the two methods.Additionally,the landscape types,spatial distribution,and node locations contained within were compared.The research results are as follows:(1)Based on the MCR-gravity model,51 ecological corridors(EC),121 ecological protection nodes(EPN),and 58 ecological restoration nodes(ERN)were extracted and identified.Using circuit theory,50 ecological corridors(EC),232 ecological protection nodes(EPN),and 208 ecological restoration nodes(ERN)were identified.(2)The ecological network identified by the MCR-gravity model exhibits a more complex and closed structure,with higher stability of ecological corridors.Circuit theory has an advantage in identifying key nodes.(3)The landscape types contained in the ecological networks identified by both models are similar,mainly consisting of farmland and forest-grassland,indicating t

关 键 词：MCR-重力模型 电路理论 生态网络 关键节点 济宁市 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]