基于物理化学实验的大学生创新能力培养——过氧化氢分解实验的改进及微观反应机制研究  

Training of Undergraduate’s Innovation Capabilities from Fundamental Experiment in Physical Chemistry Course:Improvement on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Experiment and Related Microscopic Mechanism Investigation

作　　者：张春芳[1] 王静[1] 霍树营[1] 沈福刚[1] 任淑霞[1] 吴平丽 张红[1] 孙素芳[1] ZHANG Chun-Fang;WANG Jing;HUO Shu-Ying;SHEN Fu-Gang;REN Shu-Xia;WU Ping-Li;ZHANG Hong;SUN Su-Fang(College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Hebei University,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Chemistry,Baoding 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学化学与材料科学学院,河北大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心,河北保定071002

出　　处：《化学教育(中英文)》2025年第4期46-53,共8页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：材料化学国家级一流本科专业(YS23-YLZY-021);国家级第二批线下一流本科课程“结构化学”(YS24-YLKC-012);教指委教学研究与实践项目(H20230804);河北省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2022GJJG013);河北大学实验室开放项目(sy202218);河北大学研究生教育教学改革研究项目(YJGYB2313)。

摘　　要：以本科生的过氧化氢反应速率常数测定实验为例,引导本科生分别从实验装置改进、数据处理和微观反应机制研究等方面进行了教学创新和改革实践。与教科书中的内容相比,改进后的实验装置仅需较少的操作步骤即可获得准确性较高的数据,改进的数据分析方法便于反应速率常数的拟合,理论计算的引入明确了过氧化氢分解及碘化钾催化的微观反应机制。与本实验的传统教学相比,本科生实践并提升了主动学习、批判和创新等高阶能力。提供了通过基础物理化学实验将创新能力培养融入本科教学实践的具体案例。This work explores the education innovation and reform practice for undergraduate students through an experiment of measurement of hydrogen peroxide reaction rate constant,which comprises the improvement of experimental apparatus,refinement of data analysis and investigation on microscopic reaction mechanism.Compared to the experiment apparatus,process and reaction mechanisms recited in textbooks,the improved experiment apparatus requires fewer steps to obtain more accurate data,and the refined data analysis facilitates the fitting of reaction rate constants,thus enabling the verification of the microscopic mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and potassium iodide-catalyzed decomposition through theoretical chemical methods.Moreover,in this conduction of experiment,undergraduates have practiced and gained more skills such as active learning,critical thinking and innovation capability.Therefore,this work provides a particular example of training undergraduate’s innovation capability from fundamental physical chemistry experiment.

关 键 词：创新能力 过氧化氢 新实验装置 数据分析方法 微观反应机制 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O64-4[文化科学—教育学]